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President Hindenburg appoints Adolf Hitler Chancellor of Germany
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SS opens the Dachau concentration camp outside of Munich
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Boycott of Jewish-owned shops and businesses in Germany
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Conscription: the obligatory enrollment of citizens in the armed forces; forced enrollment into armed forces
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Picture Information
At a ceremony during the 1936 Olympic Games, German spectators spell out the phrase, directed at Adolf Hitler, "Wir gehoeren Dir" [We belong to you]. Berlin, Germany, August 1936. — National Archives and Records Administration, College Park, Md. -
March 11-13, 1938
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The Munich Agreement was an agreement between France, Italy, Nazi Germany and Britain. After Germany invaded the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia, the British and French prime ministers tried to get Hitler to agree not to use his military in future in return for the land he had taken. Hitler agreed to sign a promise. At first people thought the agreement was a success, but Hitler invaded the rest of Czechoslovakia in 1939, which led to the start of the Second World War.
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November 9/10, 1938
(nationwide pogrom in Germany)
Nazi attack against Jews: the night of November 9, 1938, during which Nazis and Nazi sympathizers in Germany and Austria engaged in attacks on Jews and their property -
On May 13, 1939, the SS St. Louis, a German ocean liner, left Germany with almost a thousand Jewish refugees on board. The refugees' destination was Cuba, but before their arrival the Cuban government revoked their permission to land. The St. Louis was forced to return to Europe in June 1939. However, Great Britain, France, Belgium, and the Netherlands agreed to accept the stranded refugees. After German forces occupied Western Europe in 1940, many St. Louis passengers and other Jewish refugees who had entered those countries were caught up in the "Final Solution," the Nazi plan to murder the Jews of Europe.
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Representatives from Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union met and signed the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact, which guaranteed that the two countries would not attack each other. By signing this pact, Germany had protected itself from having to fight a two-front war in the soon-to-begin World War II; the Soviet Union was awarded land, including parts of Poland and the Baltic States. The pact was broken when Nazi Germany attacked the Soviet Union less than two years later, on June 22, 1941.
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Germany invades Poland, starting World War II in Europe
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Einsatzgruppen (mobile killing units) shoot nearly 3,000 Jews at the Seventh Fort, one of the 19th-century fortifications surrounding Kovno
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Bishop Clemens August Graf von Galen of Muenster denounces the “euthanasia” killing program in a public sermon
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September 28-29, 1941
Einsatzgruppen shoot about 34,000 Jews at Babi Yar, outside Kiev -
Einsatzgruppen round up 13,000 Jews from the Minsk ghetto and kill them in nearby Tuchinki (Tuchinka)
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Einsatzgruppen shoot 10,000 Jews from the Riga ghetto in the Rumbula Forest
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December 6, 1941 - April 30, 1942 As the German drive to capture Moscow faltered, the Soviets launched a devastating counteroffensive that created a crisis in the German military command. The depleted German armed forces were ordered by Hitler to hold at all costs and they attempted to do so. Soviet military operations expanded in scope as the counteroffensive progressed.
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U.S. declares war the next day
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The first killing operations begin at Chelmno in occupied Poland
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Germans begin the mass deportation of more than 65,000 Jews from Lodz to the Chelmno killing center
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Held near Berlin, Germany. The "Final Solution" was Hitlers idea to completley wash out the Jewish population. Each Jew went through the same process until they were brutally killed. First Jewish families were forced to deport from their homes and brought to a concentration camp where they would seperate from their families and children would be forced to work and were fed only a little per day. (Source 2) In step 2, " being the victim" it shows the point of view from actual holocaust survivors in the video clip link. They survivors discussed thier first reactionwhen they were being deported from their homes onto these crowded trains. Each train had no window, no toilet and no where to sit. Clearly they were not headed off to somewhere where they would have freedom. (Source 3) Jewish people had little freedom of making their own choices in the 1940's, as long as Hitler was in control, the Jews trapped under his rule. Hitler did a good job of convincing other people he was doing the right thing when it came to exterminating the Jews .He had people under his rule who knew they were doing the wrong thing but still did everything Hitler said because he was not only intimidating but the most powerful man in Germany at that time. Hitler controlled and had complete dictatorship over the Natzi's who obeyed Hitlers cruel demands to kill the Jews and kill any Jew that spoke up or who was against Hitlers idea. The steps to the Final Solution include the Jews arrival to the concentration camp Auschwitz, where they were either burned alive, left to die in gas chambers, or just shot to death.
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Germans begin the deportation of more than 65,000 Jews from Drancy, outside Paris, to the east (primarily to Auschwitz)
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Germans begin mass deportations of nearly 100,000 Jews from the occupied Netherlands to the east (primarily to Auschwitz)
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Germans begin the mass deportation of over 300,000 Jews from the Warsaw ghetto to the Treblinka killing center
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Germans complete the mass deportation of about 265,000 Jews from Warsaw to Treblinka
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Soviet troops counterattack at Stalingrad, trapping the German Sixth Army in the city
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Jews interned in the Warsaw Ghetto revolted against their Nazi oppressors. They fought determinedly with limited resources for almost a month, before their resistance was finally quelled and the vast majority were deported to extermination camps. Seventy years on, the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising remains symbolic of collective Jewish resistance during the Holocaust.
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Germans began the mass deportation of about 440,000 Jews from Hungary
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D-Day: Allied forces invade Normandy, France
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Death march of nearly 60,000 prisoners from the Auschwitz camp system in southern Poland
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Death march of nearly 50,000 prisoners from the Stutthof camp system in northern Poland
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