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Spanish muslim who traveled to Mecca. His travels illistrate the beginning of the melding of economies and cultures in the Atlantic world as depicted by his influence on the gold market.
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Cuts sugar off from Europeans who then must go to Mediterranean islands for sugar. Depicts the first demands for slaves, in this example, natives of the islands.
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Fall of last Crusader state. Change in focus on relious wars with muslims to the spread of colonies and imperialism.
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shows power of African kingdoms, particullarly the Mali. This illistrates that the Europeans did not in fact "civilize" Africans as was thought for many years. The African's already had economies, trade systems, and family structures in place.
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shows power of Mexica empire. The empire was mighty before Cortez reached the Americas. This shows the tearing down of another already mighty empire by Europeans. This marks one of the first major conquests in the Americas.
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killed half the population of Europe
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departed Lisbon, Portugal for the northwest coast of Africa. Helped to discover trade routes around Africa and to advance (inadvertently?) the slave trade.
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Shows the power of the Ottoman Empire. A power often downplayed in European and American minds.
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Isabella and Ferdinand marry, making Spain a superpower. Which allows them to support many explorers to the new world.
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met the Taino in the Carribean
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Spanish path through Caribbean
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95 These nailed to door in Wittenberg. Protestant Reformation brings about religious and political turmoil which changes thoughts in Europe.
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first recorded small pox outbreak in natives
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meets the Aztecs and conquers them
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Luther is suppose to appologize but instead burns things as he always does
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109 books published about the Americas
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as declared by Parliament
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new religious order in Catholic church
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(Rung Lecture) first coffee house from Arabs. Men only, seen as a place to discuss ideas apart from the church, which lead to protests (Muslims in this area) who saw the coffee house as a place to cause mischief.
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Spanish stop Ottoman expansion
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France, massacre of Hugenots
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first time a courtly man had made the trip to the New World
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written by Francis Bacon that depicts the mechanistic view of society becoming popular at this time. Mechanism degraded the role of women by taking the life out of nature.
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Around 1650 there was a growing demand for coffee, sugar and tobacco in Europe, all products they had to import. This can be seen since the opening of the first London coffee house in 1652. With these demands came demands for slaves in the America's. The Europeans greed for these products propogated the increase in population and popularity of the slave trade. Sugar plantations needed many slaves to work and Europeans supplied millions of slaves over the next 200 years for this work, until 1888.
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This was the first code set up to determine how slaves would be treated. Many more followed (Code Noir, Ordanacoes Filipinas). These showed some restraint toward the harsh punishments toward slaves and demonstrate the protests some Europeans expressed against slavery at the time.
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a series of interlocking and sometimes warring problems and debates about the origins and technologies of power, rationality, universal truth, morality and tolerance that unfolded differently in different contexts throughout the eighteenth century. There debates resulted in the consolidation of a range of positions on these topics, from entirely secular to entirely religious. They also involved articulating visions of social reform and improvement through new communities, new projects (Whitmer)
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A religious movement that re inspired Christianity in the America's. It had implications for the natives as well. With the conversion of more natives came greater literacy of natives and the ability to participate in the "legal culture" of the colonies.
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This is an example of the many revolts taking place at the time. The revolts were small and accomplished little. They were not as large as revolts to come later and did not further the cause of independence, though they tried.
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This war lead to the removal of French colonists from the 13 colonies and most of North America. It also created massive debt, payed for my taxpayers in Britain. During this war Cuba was taken into British control as well.
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A treaty organized by Spain, England and France. The treaty was meant to bring peace from the 7 years war, but instead stirred up new controversies with the Indians and Colonists. Natives wanted seperation from the colonies and Colonists wanted the same respect granted other British.
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The Sugar Act made colonists think about the foreign government taxing them and wether they had the right to tax colonists. Many stood against such taxes which lead to protest in the colonies. The Stamp Act and Tea furthered this disent, leading to protests such as the Boston Tea Party and the Boston Massacre.
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Included Quartering, Justice Act, and Boston Port Act. These punishments lead many colonists to question the power of the king to take away their rights. It also lead to the 1st and 2nd Continental Congresses and the American Revolutionary War.
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published by Thomas Paine. This pamhplet expressed the concerns of the colonists against the king and also helped garner support from colonists who were not sure about the conflict. This increased support for the war by expressing the ideals, such as liberty over suppression, that the colonists were fighting for.
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French Revolution. Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen,Abolished special privileges distinguishing commoners from nobility, Full citizenship for religious minorities, Distinction between active and passive citizens, Restrictions on who can serve in legislatures
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Reign of Terror, Anger at the disenfranchisement of the so called passive citizens, Anger over high food prices, Election for a new legislative assembly, War (Moser)
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This debate on the state of the nature and racist environment of negroes depicts the charge in racism that appeared in this time. When things such as "blood" and it's perccentages white or black are debated in order to subjugate negroes as inhumane.