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Britain takes over India
India was colonized during the early 1800s, the Industrial Revolution was beginning and Great took over -
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Toussaint L’Ouverture
A former slave who created a disciplined military force. The leader of the rebellious slaves. -
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Louis XVI
Assumed the throne in 1775 when he was 22 years old. He attempted to gain popular support by recalling the exiled members of the Parliament of Paris. He was also executed by Parisians in 1793 by the guillotine. -
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French and Indian war
A war that began along the American frontier between French and British forces and their Amerindian allies. The French and Indian War also led to a wider struggle known as the French and Indian War. -
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Marie Antoinette
Louis XVI’s wife and also executed by the guillotine. -
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Seven Years War
The war was caused because British victory led to undisputed control of North America east of the Mississippi River while also forcing France to surrender most of its holdings in India. -
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Watt’s Steam Engine
a machine that turns the energy released by running fuel into motion. Steam power was later applied to moving machinery in factories and to powering ships and locomotives. -
Spinning Jenny
Invention by Richard Arkwright that draws out fibers and twisted them into thread. -
The Water Frame
Also by Arkwright, that produced thread strong enough to be used without linen. -
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Napoleon
Overthrew French Directory in 1799 and became emperor of the French in 1804. Failed to defeat Great Britain and abdicated in 1814. Returned to power briefly in 1815 but was defeated and died in exile. -
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American Revolution
In British North America clumsy efforts to increase colonial taxes to cover rising defense expenditures and to diminish the power of elected colonial legislatures outraged a populace accustomed to effective local autonomy. -
Declaration of Rights of Man
statement of fundamental political rights adopted by the French National Assembly. -
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French Revolution
The French Revolution undermined traditional monarchy as well as the power of the Catholic Church and the hereditary aristocracy but, unlike the American Revolution, did not create and enduring form of representative democracy. -
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Haitian Revolution
The Revolution was a series of rebellions against slavery. The revolution gave Haiti independence from France. -
Storming of Bastille
A crowd searching for military supplies attacked the Bastille. -
Cotton Gin
in 1793 the American Eli Whitney patented his cotton gin, a simple device that separated the bolls or seedpods from the fibers and made cotton growing economical. -
Britain outlaws slavery
Slavery had been abolished in Great Britain in 1772 -
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Congress of Vienna
meeting of representative of European monarchs called to reestablish the old order after the defeat of Napoleon. -
Waterloo
Napoleon was defeated by an allied army at Waterloo, in Belgium, after only one hundred days in power. -
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Industrial Revolution
The transformation of the economy, the environment, and living conditions, occurring first in England that resulted from the use of steam engines, the mechanization of manufacturing in factories and innovations in transportation and communications. -
Mexican Independence
In 1821 Colonel Agustin de Iturbide and other loyalist commanders forged an alliance with remaining insurgents and declared Mexico’s independence. -
End of Atlantic Slave Trade
The majority of European conquests, raids and enslavements occurred toward the end or after the transatlantic slave trade -
Brazilian Independence
Declared by Pedro, Brazil gained independence by constitutional monarchy. -
Dissolution of Janissaries
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Greek Independence
self-determination grew throughout Europe. Greece had been under Ottoman control since the 15th century. In 1821 Greek patriots launched an independence movement -
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Opium Wars
War between Britain and the Qing Empire that was , in the British view, occasioned by the Qing governments refusal to permit the importation of opium into its territories. The victorious British imposed the one sided Treaty of Nanking on China. -
Telegraph
A system for transmitting messages from a distance along a wire, esp. one creating signals by making and breaking an electrical connection -
Revolutions in Austria, Germany, Hungary, and Italy
in 1848 the desire for democratic reform and national self-determination and the frustrations of urban workers led to upheavals in Europe. -
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Taiping Rebellion
The most destructive civil was before the twentieth century. A Christian-inspired rural rebellion that threatened to topple the Qing Empire. -
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Declared by Pedro, Brazil gained independence by constitutional monarchy.
Conflict between the Russian and ottoman empires fought primarily in the Crimean Peninsula. To prevent Russian expansion, Britain and France sent troops to support the Ottomans. -
Sepoy Rebellion
The revolt of Indian soldiers in 1857 against certain practices that violated religious customs; also known as the Sepoy rebellion. -
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Suez Canal
Ship canal dug across the Isthmus of Suez in Egypt, designed by Ferdinand de Lesseps. It opened to shipping in 1869 and shortened the sea voyage between Europe and Asia. -
Emancipation of Russian serfs
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Meiji restoration
The political program that followed the destruction of the Tokugawas Shogunate in 1868, in whichi a collection of young leaders set Japan on the path of centralization, and imperialism. -
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Imperialization of Africa
Sudden wave of conquest in Africa by European powers. -
Boxer Rebellion
In 1900 a Chinese secret society, the Righteous Fists, rose up with the encouragement fo the Empress Dowager Cixi and attacked foreigners and their establishments. -
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Panama Canal
Ship canal cut across the Isthmus of Panama by the US Army engineers, it opened in 1914. It greatly shortened the sea voyage between the east and west coast of North America. US turned canal over to Panama on January 1, 2000. -
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Afrikaners
South Africans descended from Dutch and French settlers of the seventeenth century, Their Great Trek founded new settler’s colonies in the 19th century. Though a minority among south Africans, they held political power after 1910, imposing a system of racial segregation called apartheid after 1949. -
overthrow of Qing Dynasty
the Revolution of 1911 led by Sun Yat-sen broke out and overthrew the Qing Dynasty -
Overthrow of Qing Dyansty
the Revolution of 1911 led by Sun Yat-sen broke out and overthrew the Qing Dynasty -
African National Congress
An organization dedicated to obtaining equal voting and civil rights for black inhabitants of South Africa. Founded in 1912 and helped bring majority rule to Africa. -
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Aswan Dam
one of the largest dams in the world. It captured the annual Nile flood and released its waters throughout the year, allowing farmers to grow two, sometimes three crops a year.