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Abolished slavery -
The Jim Crow era represents one of the darkest chapters in American history, a period when legalized racial segregation and discrimination shaped nearly every aspect of African American life. -
Annotation: Georgia surrenders and Reconstruction begins, laying the groundwork for Black freedom but also white backlash.
Justification: This set the stage for the rise of segregation laws later in the century. -
Citizenship rights -
Annotation: 32 Black legislators were elected but expelled by white lawmakers.
Justification: A clear example of resistance to Black political participation. -
Voting rights for Black men -
Ended Reconstruction -
Annotation: White conservative Democrats regain power, ending Reconstruction.
Justification: Their policies pave the way for Jim Crow in Georgia -
Weakened protections -
Annotation: Public transportation becomes segregated by law.
Justification: Shows how Jim Crow permeated daily life. -
Annotation: Watson initially supports Black and poor white farmers but later turns white supremacist.
Justification: Highlights shifting political strategies in Georgia's race relations. -
Separate but equal -
Annotation: Supreme Court upheld Georgia's decision to fund white schools but not Blacks school.
Justification: Reinforced school segregation. -
Annotation: White mobs attacked Black neighborhoods, killing dozens.
Justification: Illustrates violent enforcement of Jim Crow. -
Annotation: Black heavyweight champion's success led to new laws.
Justification: Example of racial fear influencing policy. -
To fight racism and violence against all people of color. -
Annotation: Jewish factory manger wrongly convicted, then lynched in 1915.
Justification: Demonstrated how prejudice under Jim Crow extended beyond Black/white relations. -
White on Black violence -
Annotation: Zoning laws enforced segregated neighborhoods.
Justification: Institutionalized residential segregation. -
Two day long white supremacist terrorist. -
Nine African American male teenagers accused of raping two white women. -
Annotation: Nine Black teens wrongly accused in Alabama sparked debates in Georgia.
Justification: Reinforced fear on racial injustice. -
Roosevelt signing Executive Order 8802 on June 25, 1941. -
Annotation: War jobs available, but segregation continued.
Justification: Exposed contradictions of democracy abroad vs. Jim Crow at home. -
Annotation: Georgia's disputed election showed political tensions during early civil rights stirrings.
Justification: Highlighted how race influenced politics in Georgia. -
Annotation: Ended Georgia's white primary system.
Justification: Major step in dismantling voting restrictions under Jim Crow. -
Annotation: Political dispute reflected Georgia's struggles with modernization and race.
Justification: Highlighted racial politics in state leadership. -
Truman sign Executive Order 9981 on July 26, 1948. -
U.S. Supreme Court decision that declared state sponsored segregation in public schools unconstitutional. -
Annotation: Georgia resisted integration after ruling. Justification: Shows direct impact of national cases on the state.
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Boycott was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit. -
Annotation: After Montgomery, Georgia begins to see challenges to transportation segregation.
Justification: Connects local change to national civil rights momentum. -
Nonviolent protests in February to July 1960 -
Annotation: College students staged sit-ins at segregated lunch counters.
Justification: Young people led civil rights effort in Georgia. -
Civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregation Southern United States. -
Annotation: Large scale campaign to desegregation Albany, Ga.
Justification: Showed both challenges and resilience of the Civil Rights Movement. -
Annotation: Riders faced arrests and violence while challenging bus segregation.
Justification: Tested Jim Crow transportation laws. -
Annotation: Charlayne Hunter and Hamilton Holmes integrated UGA.
Justification: Major breakthrough in higher education. -
"I Have A Dream" -
Title VI, Civil Rights Act of 1964 -
Annotation: Outlawed segregation in public spaces.
Justification: Federal law began dismantling Jim Crow. -
The event known as "Bloody Sunday", that led directly to the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. -
Annotation: Strengthened Black voting rights.
Justification: Removed literacy tests and barriers. -
Martin Luther King Jr. was fatally shot at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee. -
Annotation: Federal courts full compliance.
Justification: Marked the end of Jim Crow education system. -
School busing -
Amendments to the Voting Rights Act of 1965 -
The first African American to be elected President.