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Social reformer Dorothea Dix campaigned for schools and hospitals for people with mental illness and disabilities, raising awareness about their needs.
https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/dorothea-dix -
In order to increase access to higher education, President Abraham Lincoln signed the charter for Gallaudet University, the first college for the deaf.
https://gallaudet.edu/about/history-traditions/? -
Afederal education bill that was among the first. Despite its career education focus, it opened the door for possible special education funding streams.
https://nces.ed.gov/pubs93/93442.pdf? -
All states mandated school attendance by 1918, which increased the pressure to educate students with disabilities.
https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED436445 -
The Supreme Court's decision that "separate but equal" is unconstitutional had an impact on other cases that argued for students with disabilities to have equal rights.
https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/brown-v-board-of-education -
Paved the way for inclusion by supplying federal funds for schools and assistance for underprivileged kids, including those with disabilities.
https://www.ed.gov/search?search_api_fulltext=esea+1965 -
The court decided that using biased assessments to assign non-English speaking pupils to special education is prohibited. This case highlighted evaluations that are nondiscriminatory.
https://serr.disabilityrightsca.org/serr-manual/chapter-2-information-on-evaluations-assessments/2-48-what-was-the-diana-v-state-board-of-education-case-what-impact-does-the-diana-case-have-on-spanish-speaking-students/ -
The first disability civil rights statute in the United States forbids discrimination in federally funded programs, such as public schools.
https://www.ed.gov/search?search_api_fulltext=SECTION+504+REHABILITATION+ACT -
IEPs, FAPE, and least restrictive environment (LRE) instruction are all required. Afundamental component of contemporary special education law.
Event of Inclusion #1
https://www.wrightslaw.com/law/art/history.spec.ed.law.htm -
The Supreme Court held that due process must be followed before students with disabilities are expelled for actions connected to their condition.
https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/484/305/ -
The court upheld the inclusion of students with impairments in general education classes with appropriate accommodations.
Second Inclusion Event
https://pubintlaw.org/cases-and-projects/oberti-v-board-of-education-of-the-borough-of-clementon/ -
The Supreme Court made it clear that IEPs need to offer more than just basic improvement, which raises the bar for significant educational gain.
https://www.oyez.org/cases/2016/15-827