Music

Seikilos epitaph

100

The Seikilos epitaph is an Ancient Greek inscription dated between 1th century and 2 th century. The composition of the Seikilos epitaph talks about "while you live, shine, don't suffer for anything"

Antigüedad y Edad Media

Period: 100 to Dec 10, 1492

Epitafio de Seikilos
Canto Gregoriano
Ars Antiqua
Ars Nova
Perotin
Leonin
Guido d’Arezzo
Hildegard von Bingen
Bernart de Ventadorn
Alfonso X el Sabio
Guillaume de Machaut
Francesco Landini

Georgian chant

950

Is the central tradition of Western plainchant, a form of monophonic, unaccompanied sacred song in Latin of the Roman Catholic Church.

Guido d’Arezzo

991

Guido of Arezzo was an Italian Benedictine monk and musical theorist who constitutes one of the central figures of the music of the Middle Ages along with Hucbaldo.

Hildegard von Bingen

1098

Hildegard of Bingen was a holy Benedictine abbess and German polymath, active as a composer, writer, philosopher, scientist, naturalist, physician, mystic, monastic leader and prophetess during the Middle Ages.

Bernart de Ventadorn

1134

Bernart de Ventadorn, also known as Bernart de Ventadour and Bernard de Ventadorn, was a popular Provençal troubadour, composer and poet. He is probably the best-known troubadour of the style called trobar leu.

Leonin

1135

Léonin or Magister Leoninus is, along with Perotín, the first known composer of polyphonic organum, related to the School of Notre Dame.

Perotin

1160

Was a medieval French composer, who was born in Paris between 1155 and 1160 and died around 1230. Considered the most important composer of the School of Notre Dame of Paris, in which the polyphonic style began to take shape.

Ars antiqua

1200

Is a term used by modern scholars to refer to the Medieval music of Europe during the High Middle Ages, between approximately 1170 and 1310.

Alfonso X el Sabio

1221

Alfonso X of Castile, called the Wise, was the king of the Crown of Castile and the other titled kingdoms between 1252 and 1284. Upon the death of his father, Ferdinand III the Saint, he resumed the offensive against the Muslims and occupied Jerez, Salé, the port of Rabat and conquered Cádiz.

Guillaume de Machaut

1300

Guillaume de Machaut was a French medieval cleric, poet and composer. His influence was enormous and he is historically the greatest representative of the movement known as Ars nova, and is considered the most famous composer of the 14th century. He contributed to the development of the motet and secular song.

Renacimiento

Period: 1300 to 1600

Johannes Gutenberg
Antonio de Cabezon
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
Orlando di Lasso
Tomás Luis de Victoria
Cristóbal de Morales
Martín Lutero
Carlo Gesualdo
Andrea Gabrieli
Giovanni Gabrieli
Juan del Encina
Maddalena Casulana

Francesco Landini

1335

Francesco Landini or Landino was an Italian composer, organist, singer, poet, instrument maker and astrologer. He was one of the most famous and admired composers of the second half of the 14th century and certainly the most famous composer in Italy.

Ars nova

1400

Refers to a musical style which flourished in the Kingdom of France and its surroundings during the Late Middle Ages.

Johannes Gutemberg

1410

Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg, better known as Johannes Gutenberg or Johannes Gutemberg, was a German goldsmith, inventor of the modern printing press with movable type, around 1450.

Juan del Encina

1466

Juan de Fermoselle, better known as Juan del Encina in the current spelling of his name or Juan del Enzina in the spelling of the time, was a poet, musician and playwright of the Spanish Renaissance during the time of the Catholic Monarchs.

Martín Lutero

1483

Martin Luther, born Martin Luder, was an Augustinian Catholic theologian, philosopher, and friar who began and promoted the Protestant Reformation in Germany and whose teachings inspired the theological and cultural doctrine called Lutheranism.

Cristóbal de Morales

1500

Cristóbal de Morales Spanish Catholic priest and chapelmaster, being the main representative of the Andalusian polyphonist school and one of the three greats, along with Tomás Luis de Victoria and Francisco Guerrero, of Spanish polyphonic composition of the Renaissance.

Antonio de Cabezon

1510

Antonio de Cabezón was a Spanish organist, harpist and composer of the Renaissance.

Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina

1530

Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina was an Italian Renaissance composer of sacred music and the best-known representative of the 16th-century Roman School of musical composition.

Orlando di Lasso

1531

Orlando di Lasso, also known as Orlandus Lassus, Roland de Lassus, Roland Delattre or Orlande de Lassus was a Franco-Flemish composer of the late Renaissance. Along with Palestrina and Victoria, he is considered one of the most influential composers of the 16th century.

Andrea Gabrieli

1533

Andrea Gabrieli was an Italian composer and organist of the late Renaissance. Uncle of perhaps the most famous composer Giovanni Gabrieli, he was the first internationally renowned member of the Venetian School of composers. He had great influence on the spread of the Venetian style in both Italy and Germany.

Maddalena Casulana

1544

Maddalena Casulana was an Italian composer, lute player and singer of the late Renaissance. She was the first woman composer to have an entire exclusive volume of her music printed and published in the history of Western music.

Tomás Luis de Victoria

1548

Tomás Luis de Victoria was a Catholic priest, chapel teacher and famous polyphonist composer of the Spanish Renaissance. He has been considered one of the most relevant and advanced composers of his time, with an innovative style that heralded the imminent Baroque.

Giovanni Gabrieli

1557

Giovanni Gabrieli was an Italian composer and organist, born and died in Venice. One of the most influential musicians of his time, he represents the culmination of the Venetian school, framed in the transition from Renaissance music to Baroque music.

Carlo Gesualdo

1566

Carlo Gesualdo, Prince of Venosa and Count of Conza, was an Italian composer, one of the most significant figures of late Renaissance music with intensely expressive madrigals and pieces of sacred music with a chromaticism that will not be heard again until the end of the century XIX.

Claudio Monteverdi

1567

Claudio Monteverdi, whose full name was Claudio Giovanni Antonio Monteverdi, was an Italian composer, viola player, singer, choir director and priest.

Barroco

Period: 1600 to 1800

Antonio Vivaldi
Johann Sebastian Bach
Georg Friedrich Händel
Barbara Strozzi
Giacomo Carissimi
George Philipp Telemann
Henry Purcel
Claudio Monteverdi
Stradivarius

Giacomo Carissimi

1605

Giacomo Carissimi was one of the most eminent Italian composers of the early Baroque and one of the main representatives of the Roman School. He was born in Marino, near Rome, in 1604 or 1605.

Barbara Strozzi

1619

Barbara Strozzi, also called Barbara Valle, was an Italian Baroque singer and composer. During her lifetime, she published eight volumes of her own music and had more secular music in print than any other composer of the time.

Antonio Stradivarius

1644

Antonio Stradivari was the most prominent Italian luthier. The Latin form of his surname, Stradivarius, is used to refer to his instruments.

Antonio Vivaldi

1678

Antonio Vivaldi was a Venetian Baroque composer, violinist, businessman, teacher and Catholic priest. He was nicknamed Il prete rosso because he was a priest and had red hair.

Georg Philipp Telemann

1681

Georg Philipp Telemann was a German Baroque composer, although his work also had characteristics of early classicism. He is considered the most prolific composer in the history of music. Self taught in music, he studied law at the University of Leipzig.

Georg Friedrich Händel​

1685

Georg Friedrich Handel; in English George Frideric Handel was a German composer, later naturalized English, considered one of the leading figures in the history of music, especially the baroque, and one of the most influential composers of Western and universal music.

Johann Sebastian Bach

1685

Johann Sebastian Bach was a German composer, musician, conductor, chapelmaster, singer and teacher of the Baroque period. He was the most important member of one of the most prominent families of musicians in history, with more than 35 famous composers: the Bach family.

Henry Purcel

1695

Henry Purcell was an English Baroque composer. Considered one of the best English composers of all time, he incorporated French and Italian stylistic elements into his music, generating his own English style of baroque music.

Classicism

Period: 1700 to 1800

• Gluck
• W.A. Mozart
• J. Haydn
• Beethoven
• Nannerl Mozart
• Maria Theresia Von Paradis

Christoph Willibald Gluck

1714

Christoph Willibald Gluck, a Chevalier de Gluck from 1756, was a German composer from Bohemia, Czech Republic. He is considered one of the most important opera composers of the Classical period in the second half of the 18th century.

Joseph Haydn

1732

Franz Joseph Haydn, known as Joseph Haydn, was an Austrian composer. He is one of the greatest exponents of the Classical period, and is also known as the "father of the symphony" and the "father of the string quartet" thanks to his significant contributions to both genres.

Maria Anna Mozart

1751

Maria Anna Walburga Ignatia Mozart, also known as Nannerl and Marianne, was a famous 18th-century musician. She was the older sister of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and the daughter of Leopold and Anna Maria Mozart.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

1756

Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, better known as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, was a German composer, pianist, conductor and teacher, from the former Archbishopric of Salzburg. A master of classicism, he is considered one of the most influential and outstanding musicians in history.

Maria Theresia Von Paradis

1759

Maria Theresia von Paradis was an Austrian pianist and composer. Despite losing her sight completely at the age of three, this did not prevent the outstanding output and work of this great pianist, singer, and composer.

Ludwig van Beethoven

1770

Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer, conductor, pianist, and piano teacher. His musical legacy spans, chronologically, from the Classical period to the beginning of Romanticism.

Romanticismo

Period: 1790 to 1900

• Schubert
• Schumann
• Brahms
• Hugo Wolf
• Gustav Mahler
• Rossini
• Verdi
• Puccini
• Wagner
• Chopin
• Listz
• Mendelssohn
• Clara Schumann
• Berlioz
• Chaikovski
• Rimski Korsakov
• Musorgski
• Smetana
• Dvorak
• Grieg
• Sibelius
• Heitor Villa-Lobos
• Gershwin

Gioachino Rossini

1792

Gioachino Rossini was an Italian composer who gained fame for his 39 operas, although he also wrote many songs, some chamber and piano music pieces, and some sacred music.

Schubert

1796

Franz Peter Schubert, known as Franz Schubert, was an Austrian composer of the early Romantic musical era and, at the same time, a follower of the classical sonata following the model of Ludwig van Beethoven.

Hector Berlioz

1803

Louis Hector Berlioz was a French composer and a leading figure of Romanticism. His best-known work is the Symphonie Fantastique, premiered in 1830.

Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy

1809

Felix Mendelssohn, whose full name was Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy, was a German composer, conductor and pianist of Romantic music, a member of the same family as the pianist and composer Fanny Mendelssohn and the philosopher Moses Mendelssohn.

Robert Schumann

1810

Robert Schumann was a 19th-century German composer, pianist, and music critic, considered one of the most important and representative composers of Romantic music. Schumann abandoned his law studies, intending to pursue a career as a virtuoso pianist.

Frédéric Chopin

1810

Frédéric François Chopin was a French-Polish teacher, composer and virtuoso pianist, considered one of the most important in history and one of the greatest representatives of musical romanticism, who wrote mainly for solo piano.

Franz Liszt

1811

Franz Liszt was an Austro-Hungarian Romantic composer, a virtuoso pianist, conductor, piano teacher, arranger, and lay Franciscan. His Hungarian name was Liszt Ferencz, in modern usage Liszt Ferenc, and from 1859 to 1865 he was officially known as Franz Ritter von Liszt.

Giuseppe Verdi

1813

Giuseppe Fortunino Francesco Verdi was an Italian Romantic opera composer, one of the most important of all time. His work bridges the gap between the bel canto of Rossini, Bellini, and Donizetti, and the verismo movement of Puccini.

Richard Wagner

1813

Wilhelm Richard Wagner was a German composer, conductor, poet, essayist, playwright, and music theorist of the Romantic era. His operas are particularly notable, for which, unlike other composers, he also took charge of the libretto and stage design.

Clara Schumann

1819

Clara Wieck, known as Clara Schumann, was a German pianist, composer, and piano teacher. She was one of the great European concert pianists of the 19th century, and her career was instrumental in promoting the compositions of her husband, Robert Schumann.

Johannes Brahms

1833

Johannes Brahms was a German composer, pianist, and conductor of the Romantic era, considered the most classical of the period's composers. Born into a Lutheran family, he spent much of his professional life in Vienna.

Modest Músorgski

1839

Modest Mussorgsky was a Russian composer and member of the Five. His notable works include the opera Boris Godunov, the symphonic poem Night on Bald Mountain, and the piano suite Pictures at an Exhibition. Mussorgsky was an innovator in Russian music during the Romantic period.

Piotr Ilich Chaikovski

1840

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky was a Russian composer of the Romantic period. He is the author of some of the most famous classical music works in the current repertoire, such as the ballets Swan Lake, The Sleeping Beauty, and The Nutcracker.

Antonín Dvorák

1841

Antonín Leopold Dvořák was a post-Romantic composer from Bohemia—then part of the Austrian Empire—one of the first Czech composers to achieve worldwide recognition and one of the great composers of the second half of the 19th century.

Edvard Grieg

1843

Edvard Hagerup Grieg, commonly known as Edvard Grieg, was a Norwegian composer and pianist, considered one of the main representatives of late Romanticism.

Nikolái Rimski-Kórsakov

1844

Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov was a Russian composer, conductor, and teacher, a member of the group of composers known as The Five.

Giacomo Puccini

1858

Giacomo Antonio Domenico Michele Secondo Maria Puccini, ​ better known simply as Giacomo Puccini, was an Italian opera composer, considered among the greatest, of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.​ He was a visionary, creator of the musical concepts that would govern cinema during the 20th century.

Hugo Wolf

1860

Hugo Filipp Jakob Wolf was an Austrian composer of Slovenian origin who lived in Vienna during the late 19th century. An enthusiastic follower of Richard Wagner, he became involved in the disputes in Vienna at the time between Wagnerians and Formalists or Brahmsians.

Gustav Mahler

1860

Gustav Mahler was an Austro-Bohemian composer and conductor whose works, along with those of Richard Strauss, are considered the most important of the post-Romantic era. In the first decade of the 20th century, Gustav Mahler was one of the most important conductors and opera directors of his time.

Claude Debussy

1862

Achille-Claude Debussy was a French composer, one of the most influential of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Some authors consider him the first impressionist composer, although he categorically rejected the term.

Jean Sibelius

1865

Jean Sibelius, registered at birth as Johan Julius Christian Sibelius, was a Finnish composer and violinist of the late Romantic and early Modern periods.

Maurice Ravel

1875

Joseph Maurice Ravel was a 20th-century French composer. His work, often associated with Impressionism, along with his contemporary Claude Debussy, also displays a bold neoclassical style and sometimes traces of Impressionism.

Manuel de Falla

1876

Manuel de Falla y Matheu was a Spanish composer of musical nationalism, one of the most important of the first half of the 20th century, along with Isaac Albéniz, Enrique Granados, Joaquín Turina and Joaquín Rodrigo, and one of the most important Spanish composers of all time.

Béla Bartók

1881

Béla Viktor János Bartók, known as Béla Bartók, was a Hungarian musician who excelled as a composer, pianist, and researcher of Eastern European folk music. He is considered one of the greatest composers of the 20th century.

Zoltán Kodály

1882

Zoltán Kodály was a prominent Hungarian musician whose musical style first went through a post-Viennese-Romantic phase and then evolved towards his main characteristic: the mixture of folklore and complex 20th-century harmonies, shared with Béla Bartók.

Bedřich Smetana

1884

Bedřich Smetana was a composer born in Bohemia, a region that was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire during his lifetime. He pioneered the development of a musical style that became closely linked to Czech nationalism. For this reason, he is recognized in his country as the father of Czech music.

Heitor Villa-Lobos

1887

Heitor Villa-Lobos was a Brazilian conductor and composer. His music was influenced by both Brazilian folk music and European classical music. He received some musical instruction from his father.

George Gershwin

1898

George Gershwin was an American musician, composer, and pianist. He is popularly recognized for having achieved a perfect amalgamation of classical music and jazz, as evidenced in his prodigious works.