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3000 BCE
Invention of writing
The code of Hammurabi (actually in the Louvre) is the oldest writting in history and describes the laws of a sumerian city-state. Includes the famous "an eye for an eye". -
Period: 3000 BCE to 475
Antiquity
The period that goes from the invention of writting until the fall of Rome is called the Antiquity. -
Period: 800 BCE to 145 BCE
Ancient Greece
The ancient greek civilization was advanced in music as in many other areas of knowledge, writting the first musical treatises and developing a primitive notation system. The ancient greek instruments were the lyre, the harp, the aulos and the hydraulos or water organ -
100
Seikilos Epitaph
The first form of written music ever found.
It's an elegy in Seikilos honour. -
476
Fall of the Western Roman Empire
The moment when the german king Odoacre put the italian peninsula under his control is worldly considered the end of Antiquity and the start of the Middle Ages in Europe. -
Period: 476 to Oct 12, 1492
Middle Ages
During the early Middle Ages, it was developed the neumatic notation system, which consisted in writting some lines over the text to indicate pitch, tone and rythm, and the notes were assigned names by Guido d'Arezzo. The Middle Ages also involves the other musical styles prior to the Renaisence. -
Period: 680 to 730
Gregorian Chant
The Gregorian chant was a monodic and a capella style with religious theme and written in latin. It could be syllabic, with one note per syllable; neumatic when one syllable had 2-4 notes, or mellismatic, were a single syllable was extended through many notes. -
992
Guido D'Arezzo
He created the curent musical notation system and gave names to the notes according to the first note of the verses of the anthem of Saint John. -
Period: 1000 to 1100
Trobadeurs, Jongleurs and trouvéres
The trobadour movement arose in southern France and consisted in several traveling musicians who sang prophane, monodic melodies with popular themes. Trobadours were rich or noble artists, while jongleurs usually had a noble origin and reproduced the songs trobadours invented -
1096
Hildegar von Bingen
Also known as the Sibyl of the Rhine, she was a German Benedictine abbess and the most well-known composer of religious monophony in the Middle Ages. -
Period: 1100 to 1300
Ars Antiqua
The Ars Antiqua movement was the first polyphonic musical style. It came with three main compositions: The organum, which added a second voice to the original gregorian text.
The conductus, which created the two voices form scratch.
The motet, a composition with 2 or three diferent voices with diferent rythms. -
1130
Bernart de Ventardon
He was a French trobadour, often regarded as the best of his kind and nicknamed "the Master Singer". He helped defining the "classical" courtly love poetry which was reproduced during the next 150 years. -
1150
Leonin
He was a great composer of the Notre Dame school and was Perotin's master. He was a very important part of the Ars Antiqua style. -
1160
Perotin
Perotin was one of the most famous representatives of the Notre Dame school of polyphony and part of the Ars Antiqua medieval movement -
Nov 23, 1221
Alfonso X the Wise
He was well educated from his birth and wrote some cantingas and religious anthems before being crowned. His masterpiece is the Cantingas of Santa María, but he wrote many more books, poems and musical treatises. -
1300
Guillaume de Machaut
Guillaume de Machaut was a French composer and poet considered the central piece of the Ars Nova style. He composed in a wide range of styles and forms and was crucial in the development of the motet. -
Period: 1300 to 1399
Ars nova
The Ars Nova style is caracterised by the start of a slow process of musical secularization and the creation of more complex motets with intrincate rythms. It also saw the birth of the ballad, the chanson and the canon. -
1335
Francesco Landini
He was an Italian composer, poet, singer and organist who was one of the most reverend composers of the Italian Trescento style. -
Period: 1350 to 1400
Ars Subtilior
The Ars Subtilior movement was a new level of musical complexity, with intrincate compositions, visually artistic manuscripts and very complex harmonies. For this complexity, it was reduced to intelectual and courtly circles. -
1370
Johannes Ciconia
He was a Franco-Flemish composer and theorist of the late Middle Ages. He's mainly recognised by his work in the service of the papal chapels and the Padua Cathedral. -
1393
Johannes Gutenberg
He was the man who invented the movable-type printing press. His invention would lead to an information revolution across Europe and be one of the causes for the success of the Protestan Reform. -
Period: 1400 to
The Renaissance
The Renaissance was an artistic phenomena which came into being hand in hand with humanism, or the idea that man was the center of all things. Music during this period was freed from its medieval restraints and saw a significant simplification. It's recognised for being polyphonic, balanced and regular, with a lot of importance given to the text. -
Period: 1400 to
Franco-Flemish school
This school originated in Flanders in the 15th century and was exported to all Europe. Its compositions are characterized for being polyphonic with 4 balanced voices, which may imitate each other in some counterpoints. This is the school of Josquin de Prés and Guillaume Dufay. -
May 29, 1453
Fall of Constantinople
When Constantinople fell to the ottoman army, the last piece of byzantine territory was conquered.
Many historians put the end of the Middle Ages here. -
Jul 12, 1468
Juan del Encina
He was a spanish poet, dramatist and musician in the early Renaissance. His musical works are exclusively prophane and include many villancicos, romances and cantatas, many of them with romantic or erotic themes. -
Period: Jan 15, 1475 to
Spanish school
Spanish music was inspired by catholicism and the Counter-Reformation, with austere, simple and expresive compositions, like the ones of Tomás Luis de Victoria. But at the same time, secular music was greatly developed with the creation of the villancico, the ensalada and the romance. The most famous secular spanish comoser is Juan del Encina. -
1483
Martin Luther
He was an Augustinian fraire that, angry at the corruption in the church, decided to write 95 theses against the catholic church. This escaleted in a chaothic schism which led to the creation of many protestant churches and theologycall currents. -
1500
Cristobal de Morales
Cristobal de Morales was a spanish priest and Kapellmeister, and he's often considered the main composer of the andalusian school, even though his following for spanish tradition has been questioned throughout history. His music was religious and vocal, with very few exeptions. -
Period: Jan 1, 1500 to
Italian School
This school was centered in two cities, Rome and Venice. The Roman style was influenced by the Council of Trent, and the compositions where always religious, sober, simple and clear. In Venice, polychorality was developed and Andrea and Giovanni Gabrieli paved the way to the Baroque to come in. -
1510
Antonio de Cabezón
Antonio de Cabezón was a Spanish composer and organist of the Renaissance, widely known for his innovation in keyboard music and the polyphonic complexity of his pieces. After his death his son would publish most of his music in a book called "Obras de música para tecla, arpa y vihuela". -
Feb 3, 1525
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
He was an Italian composer of the late Renaissance music and one of the center pieces of the Rome school. He is said to have written over a 100 masses, at least 140 madrigals and more than 300 motets. His style is defined by Johann Joseph Fux as dynamic and trying to reduce leaps and dissonances to a minimum. -
1532
Orlando di Lasso
Born in what it's now Belgium, he stands with Tomás Luis de Victoria and Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina as one of the most important composers of the late Renaissance. His music varied in style and gender, and alternated secular with religious compositions. -
1532
Andrea Gabrieli
Andrea Gabrieli was an Italian composer and organist, and he defined the Venetian Style for the Baroque. His works belong to multiple styles and genres, even translating Ancient Greek drama. -
1544
Maddalena Casulana
She was composer, singer and lutenist. She wrote several madrigals at 3 or 6 voices a capella or with some instrumental accompainament and a romantic theme. -
1548
Tomás Luis de Victoria
Being the most famous composer of the spanish Renaissance, his influence streches out to the 20th century and his death kicked of the inminent Baroque period. He was a devout man, to the point of abandoning his succesfull musical career in Rome to became a catholic priest, and he distinguishes himself for writting only religious music, something strange for the era. De Victoria wrote many books filled with his compositions, with 4 main books and several others with motets and masses. -
1554
Giovani Gabrieli
Being his uncle the famous Andrea Gabrieli, he lived up to him and represented the culmination of the Venetian School. He wrote several colections of musical pieces, in which he included some of his uncle's compositions, and was heavily influented by the period of shift between the Renaissance and the Baroque. -
Mar 8, 1556
Carlo Gesualdo
Carlo Gesualdo was an Italian composer of the late Renaissance music, and wrote both religious and prophane melodies. Even though, he's famous for the murder of his first wife and her lover after surprising them in bed. It's said the murder was so bloody he had to scape the city to evite the vengeance of the victim's relatives. -
May 15, 1567
Claudio Monteverdi
An italian priest, composer and musician, he was a key figure in the shift between the Renaissance and the Baroque and composed both sacred and prophane compositions. But sadly, most of his works have been lost, and most of the remaining compositions are madrigals and operas combining the renacentist poliphony and the Baroque basso continuo technique. -
Period: to
The Baroque
It's during this time period that patrons appeared. This musical era comes with the develop of the use of a bass line, the apparition of accompaniment music and the increased use of contrast. Music lost its international style and now each country acquired its own musical identity. This period also menat the apparition of the suite, the sonata, the concerto and the opera. -
Giacomo Carissimi
An Italian composer of the Roman school, he helped defining the oratorio and wrote many cantatas, motets and masses, but was more important as a teacher than as a composer, his influence going far into Germany and France by this mehtod. -
The opera
The opera its a combination of music and theatre. Its main parts include:
Overture: Instrumental piece at the beginning of the opera.
Arias: Solo vocal pieces highly expresive or emotional.
Recitiatives: parts with a more conversational structure.
Choruses: sections sung by a big group of characters at the same time.
Interlude: Musical passages between acts or scenes.
Some similar compositions to the opera include the spanish zarzuela and the oratorio, where characters don't act, only sing. -
Barbara Strozzi
An italian Baroque composer and singer, she wrote solo songs, cantatas and madrigals. She is known for her vocal music with love and female empowerment themes. Strozzi is still celebrated for her artistic merit and unique voice. -
Antonio Stradivari (Stradivarius)
He was an Italian luthier and craftsman of string instruments, which are considered the finest ever made. His crafts were so valued that he marked the violin making standarts for the next 300 years. -
Henry Purcell
One of the few english composers in the Baroque, Purcell wrote in many genres, and was in some degree influenced by french and italian composers. -
Antonio Vivaldi
An italian composer and violinsit, his most famous work, The Four Seasons its known by everyone with a bit of musical culture. Vivaldi wrote several operas and concertos, and his music is characterised by his virtuosity and rhythm. -
Georg Phillip Telemann
He was a German composer and played many instruments in the Baroque. Being almost self-taught in music, he wrote over 3000 musical pieces, ranging from operas to cantatas, going through concertos and sonatas for all kind of instruments. His popularity was very high until in the 19th century he was dismissed as someone that worte too many works but lacked the quality of Bach or Handel. -
Georg Friederich Handel
A German-British musician, he is one of the few composers whose melodies have been played since he died. He is recognised for his oratorios and instrumental compositions, he had a talent for creating emotive and grandiose melodies. -
Johann Sebastian Bach
Bach is considered as one of the greatest composers in history for his ability to mix technicall complexity with musical beauty. His music is still played worldwide and is famous for making symetrical partitures, or writing his name with notes at the end of a composition. -
Christoph Wilibald Gluck
He was a german-czech composer during Classicism. His works were mostly focused on the opera, which he reformed greately so the dramatic part would have as much importance as the musical, accompaining the recitatives with an orchestra and leaving aside the aria. -
Franz Joseph Haydn
Haydn was one of the biggest composer of the Classicism, known as the father of the symphony and the string quartet. He worked for the prince Esterházy, who gave him plenty of work, and when he died, his son who didn't need him as much let him travel to England, who was in its way of becoming the capital of the world and where Haydn won much money and prestige.
Haydn was also fundamental in the develpment in the sonata form, and his music was characterized for -
Period: to
The Classicism
Classicism is developed during the Age of Enlightenment for the philosophical movement that developed during this period. This movement, based in the idea of reason being the only way to uncover the truth, heavely influenced Classical Music
This movement is called Classicism because it also reuses many of the greek ideals of beauty, proportion and balance. -
Nannerl Mozart
She was the sister of the more famous Wolfang A. Mozart. Even though it is traditionally declared that the works of Nannerl didn't survive, a forensic studio revealed that she probably intervened in the denominated Nannerl Notebuch. She played the piano, but she didn't publish any of her pieces because of the decadent view people had of women winning money by music. -
Wolfang Amadeus Mozart
Born in Salzburg, his father found him a job with the archbishop of the same city. But Mozart defied his father getting fired by the archbishop and travelling to Viena. There, he composed hundreds of musical pieces, including operas, symphonies, masses and many concertos. He died at 35 while composing the famous "Requiem in D minor". -
Maria Theresa von Paradis
She was a blind, austrian, pianist and composer in the Classicism. In 1808 Maria Theresa created her own music school, where she taught young women to play the piano, sing and musical theory. She progressively got involved more in education and specialized in blind people. -
Ludwig van Beethoven
Beethoven is probably the most famous composer from the Classical, mainly because he went deaf. His style makes the bridge between Classicism and Romanticism. His most famous pieces are the 9 symphonies. In this symphonies, it's noted how his style changed from a classical style to a romantic one. His most famous piece is the 9th symphony. -
Gioachino Rossini
He was an italian composer in the early Romantic period. Rossini's fame came mostly form his operas, but he also wrote songs, chamber music, and even sacred music. His comic operas include the popular classic The Barber of Seville. Rossini composed since he was twelve, but once he moved from Paris to Bolonia, his works decreased, and didn't write an opera in the last 40 years of his life. -
Franz Schubert
Even though he lived a short live, this austrian romantic artist composed around 600 Lieder (songs in German) and seven symphonies. Schubert often experimented with his music, making progress in instrumental music and, most importantly, in the lied genre. -
Hector Berlioz
He was a French Romantic composer. His rebellious temperament made him defy his parents by becaming a musician, but it was this behaviour and his independence of mind which put him at odds with the conservative musical stablishment in Paris. The brief time he followed the conservative ideas was enough to gain France's first Prix de Rome, but for many his music was just an incoherent mess. -
Felix Mendelssohn
He was a German composer, pianist and organist in the early-Romantic period. He was early recognised as a musical prodigy along with his sister, and his artwork includes music from symphonies to chamber music. He revived the interest for Bach in Germany, as he was set apart from his contemporaries for being essentially conservative, and his music was denigrated for a long period due to antisemitism and the change in musical tastes. -
Frédéric Chopin
He was a Polish romantic composer and pianist. He was educated in Warsaw, a city he left in 1830, just a month before the Polish Uprising, to go to Paris, where he settled for life. He was admired by most of his contemporaries, even Robert Schumann, and had a great freindship with Franz Listz. His compositions are almost exclusively for piano, his instrument, and he was heavely influented by Polish folk music and the atmosphere of the Paris salons, where he used to play. -
Robert Schumann
Born in a middle-class family in Saxony, Schumann had no conection to music and intended to pursue a career as a lawyer or a pianist-composer. But his interest in Romantic literature and the worsening problem in his right hand forced him to focus in composition. His early works were mainly piano pieces, but his marriage with the daughter of his teacher made him turn his attention to orchestral music, usually with love themes. -
Franz Listz
He was a Hungarian composer, pianist and teacher in the romantic era. He became a succesful concert pianist at en early age, but his reputation was developed during his tours around Europe in the 1830's and 1840's. He befriended and became the benefactor of many composers during his later life, and was one of the main figuers of the New German School, a progressive group of composers who stood against Clara Schumann and Johannes Brahms in what is known as "The War of the Romantics". -
Period: to
Romanticism
Romanticism is an artistic period that spans throughout the XIX century. It was a reaction to the Enlghtenment and rationalism. Romanticism is characterized for intense emotional expresion, individuality, expanded orchestral usage and a focus on the supernatural. The opera was truly developed and adapted to the masses during this period. -
Richard Wagner
He was a prominent, romantic, German composer who is known for the nationalist themes used on his operas and his radical style, which was sometimes too innovative even for his contemporaries. His most famous work is the tetralogy of "The Ring of the Nibelung", a group of four, four hour-long operas filled with German mythological and traditional themes. His work was promoted by the Nazi regime for it's nationalist value. -
Giuseppe Verdi
He was a romantic opera composer, and the one of the main factors for Italian Unification. He demonstrated sympathy for the Risorgimento, and served briefly as an elected politician. But his political impact weren't limited to his charge but to his music. His operas were designed to criticize the austrian influence over the region and to make the people feel united in Italy. His name was even used as an acronym for Vittorio Emmanuele Rey D'Italia (Victor Emanuel, King of Italy) -
Clara Schumann
She was a German pianist, composer and music teacher during the Romantic period. Her works have been recognised as one of the greatest european concertists, and for some she was even better than her husband, the famous Robert Schumann. Her natural apitude for music and the fact that both of her parents were music teachers, made her became what she was. She befriended Johannes Brahms and joined the conservative bloc against Wagner and Listz. -
Bedřich Smetana
He was a Romantic Czech composer regarded as the founder of czech music. He started writting nationalistic music after the 1848 Prague Uprising, after which he had to move to Sweden, but he returned in the 1860's because of the more liberal political climate, and he stayed for the rest of his live. Smetana identified with the liberal political style of Wagner and Listz, which created oposition to him for not being completely Czech. He worked in the theatre until he became deaf in 1874. -
Johannes Brahms
He was a romantic composer and pianist. Brahms's compositions were succesful among his friends and supporters, and his music became famous during his own lifetime. He tried to follow the example of his friend, Robert Schumann, which made him rivalize with more radical composers such as Richard Wagner and Franz Listz. -
Modest Mussorgski
Mussorgski was a Russian Romantic composer during the mid-19th century. He was a musical innovator, and his works, based on Russian history and Folklore, contributed greately to create a Russian national identity. He belonged to what it's known as "The Five" a group of Russian Romantic composers that created the national musical style of the country. -
Pyotr Tchaikovski
He was a Russian Romantic composer, and his music is the main representative of Russian music for most Western people. His most famous ballets are "Swan Lake", "The Nutcracker" and "Sleeping Beauty", all of which have been adapted to movie by Disney, which contributed to their popularity. Tchaikovski went in many tours through Europe, where he played his symphonies and ballets. -
Antonín Dvořák
He was a Czech composer during the Romanticissm, and he is considered by many the succesor of Smentana. As his predecessor, Dvořák gained his place in Prague with his nationalist themes. In 1877 he was reccomended by Johannes Brahm to his publisher, an act that set Dvořák on course to become internationally renowned, finnaly becoming the director of the National Conservatory in New York. -
Edvard Grieg
He was a Norwegian Romantic composer and pianist. His use of the Norwegian folklore made Norway's music known to the world. Grieg's composition's were mainly sonatas. He met Listz, who was impressed by Grieg's work. Grieg was interested in Norwegian independence from Sweden, but his work wasn't very influential in the matter, and Grieg's music is more known for its beauty than for its meaning. -
Rimsky Korsakov
He was a Russian composer in the late-Romantic period. His orchestral compositions often used fairy-tale and folk themes, in order to develop a nationalistic music style in Russia alike Wagner's in Germany. it was specifically Wagner's music one of the main keys to Korsakov's musical development and enrichment. Korsakov's importance doesn't only limit to his own work, but to the influence he had over the next two generations of Russian and non-Russian composers. -
Giacomo Puccini
A romantic Italian composer, he is considered the most succesful Italian opera writer after Verdi. His work went from the traditional romantic Italian opera to the verismo style, which called for the use of tragic themes rather than comic ones. His work has survived until today, his operas being frequently performed an recorded throughout Italy and the world. -
Hugo Wolf
Hugo Wolf was an austrian composer in the late-Romantic period who was particularly noted for his Lieder. His productivtity was irregular, with intense bursts being interrupted by his depression. His notable works include some operasand string quartets, which can't even compare to his already mentioned collection of Lieder. -
Claude Debussy
He had an early start in music, entering the Conservatoire de Paris when he was 10. Debussy stated studing piano, but ultimately went to innovative composition, contrary to the conservative musical stablishment of the city. His late developed style was influented by Eastern styles, mainly Chopin, and combined it with Western music. -
Jean Sibelius
He was a Finnish composer of the late-Romantic and early-modern periods. He's regarded as the country's best composer and the man who evited the russification of Finland and preserved its national identity. His work is centered around his seven symphonies, which are completed with other less-important compositions. He stopped composing in the 1920's, when he finished his 7th symphony. His face was on the 100 marknote until the adoption of the euro. -
Gustav Mahler
He was an Austrian composer in the late 19th century which acted as the bridge between the Austro-German tradition and the 20th century modernism. His status as a conductor was stablished in his lifetime, but after a period of relative neglect during the Nazi Era, he was rediscovered and sustained his popularity in the 21st century. His artwork was relatively limited, and he was more famous for his interpretations than for his compositions. -
Arnold Schönberg
He was an Austrian-American composer, teacher and musical theorist during the early 20th century. His style changed from the late Romanticism to the Modernist. Being an Austrian jew, he had to flee to the US when the Nazis took power. In the later period of his life, Schönberg developed the twelve-tone style, in which he only composed with 12 related tones. This made his music much clearer and gave way to new compositions -
Maurice Ravel
He was a French modern composer and pianist, whose work is characterized with the Impressionism. He was internationally recognised as the best French composer during the 1920's and 30's. At first he attended the Paris Conservatoire, but he left the institution after scandals with the conservative stablishment. He then developed a new musical style, with elements from many eras. Ravel was among the first to recognise how recording could influentiate music. -
Manuel de Falla
He was a Spanish modern composer. De Falla traveled around Spain, Europe and the world, developping his musical style and meeting renowned artist where he went, exerting a great influence in what the Spanish call "La Generación del 27", a group of modern Spanish philosophers and artists.
His early style was influenced by Spanish nationalist composers, but as he traveled around the world, de Falla discovered new styles and added them to his music. -
Béla Bartók
He was an Hungarian modern composer and ethnomusicologist. Bartók is often regarded, with Franz Liszt, as the greatest representatives of Hungarian musical culture. Having at first a romantic and classical style, his music changed into a much more nationalistic direction when he composed Kossuth in 1903. He then spent a period of time ocusing more on is research in slavic folk until 1916, when he started composing again. -
Igor Stravinski
He was a Russian composer in the 20th century, and Stravinski is considered a main figure in modernist music. His work is usually divided into three periods, going from Russian folk, through Greek myhtology, to using modern techniques from the Second Viennese School. He became intenationally famous when Sergei Diaghilev chose Stravinski to works for his company, Ballets Russes, which impulsed his nationalistic music of the first period -
Joaquín Turina
Turina was a modern Spanish composer and musicologist. His style comes mainly from the southern, andalusian, tradition. He was known as a child prodige when he was little, and his parents tried to help his musical career. Turina was member of many quartets and quintets, but he was specially appealed by orchestral music. In the later part of his life, he became a musical critic, participating in various newspapers. -
Zoltán Kodály
He was an Hungarian composer, music pedagogue and philosopher. His most famous contribution was the invention of the Kodály method for music education. This method wasn't explicitly wrote down by him, but Kodály created a set of prinicples that would define the method. This principles include the use of vocal music to learn musical concepts and that the study should start at an early age and follow the same process as learning a language. -
Heitor Villa-Lobos
He was a Brazilian composer, cellist and guitarist during the late-Romanticism and early-modern era. He's the best known South American composer of all time, and he wrote over 2000 works during his lifetime. His music had a mixture of Brazilian folklore and European clasical tradition, with great nationalist and patriotic elements. -
George Gershwin
Gershwin was an American 20th century composer and pianist. He wrote popular and jazz songs, alongside calssical genres. He moved through the world, seeking for a mentor, but he was refused because of his intention of mixing classical study with jazz. He ended up moving to Hollywood, where he would die. His music was adapted to cinema and TV. -
Oliver Messiaen
He was a French composer and organist during the 20th century. Messiaen entered the Paris Conservatoire with a young age, and with 23 years he became organist in the Église de la Sainte-Trinité. He composed even when he became a PoW in 1940, and after the experience he became teacher in the Paris Conservatoire, where he had many distinguished pupils. His music is rythmically complex, and it's influented by the fact that he percieved colors when he heard certain music chords. -
Pierre Schaeffer
He was a French composer, musicologist, broadcaster and acoustician during the 20th century. Schaeffer's work comprises both sciences and arts, and he is remembered for his anti-nuclear activism during the post-war era. His musical accomplishments are in the field of electronic and experimental music, and he is known for developing a musical genre called musique concrète, which is based in recorded sounds and (sometimes) electronic music. -
John Cage
He was an American composer and music theorist. He was a pioneer in electroacustic music, and non-standard use of music. Having been taught by innovators like Schönberg, Cage's music was influented by budhism and South Asian philosophy. His most famous work is 4'33", a piece which consists in the ambient noise that can be listened during 4 minutes and 33 seconds. -
Pierre Henry
He was a French composer known for his contributions to the musique concrète style, developed by Pierre Schaeffer. He was fascinated since he was young with the use of noise to create music. He worked for a while at Club d'Essai until 1958. Two years later, he created his own electronic music studio. Henry collaborated with musicians all along the 20th century, working with Michel Colombier, "Spooky Tooth", and even Kanye West used one of his songs. -
Philips Glass
He was an American composer and pianist in the 20th century. His work has been associated with minimal music, a musical style that tries to use as little musical material as possible with the use of repetition of patterns and constant harmony. Glass wrote many operas and musical theatre towards the end of the century, and as it passed he wrote songs, poems and symphonies. Earlier in his life he wrote many instumental pieces like "Another look at Harmony".