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- In case of fire; had to trust the generosity of friends and family
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- Harald Fairhair managed to unify Norway under one king in 872 AD.
- In these times those affected by fires had to trust the generosity and aid of friends and neighbors when an event occurred.
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- Guilds served as an "insurance" institution
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- help was formalized in strict and sett structures, called guilds -“the neighbors closest by will vouch for our guild brothers' house and assist in rebuilding it to the state that it was before the fire” resembles statements in modern mutual insurance companies.
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- No longer an elite in Norway to maintain the Norwegian state.
- 2/3 of all Norwegians died.
- Norwegian governments foundation for tax income was gone
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- Recession
- "Personal union" with Denmark. Two separate countries under one king
- Decrease in the number of guilds in Norway
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- Protestantism
- Guilds were deemed illegal
- Again fire victims had to seek help from neighbors and friends
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- The Norwegian government was abolished
- Kingdom ruled from Copenhagen
- The official help one could ask for: "fire letters" and tax exemption
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Start of the period:
- "Fire letters"
- Tax Exemptions Later in the period:
- Increasing wealth demanded other solutions -
- Gave rise to the first insurance company in Norway
- Oslo city Fire Insurance Fund
- Insured buildings, not goods
- Had a woman in a leading role
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- Norway was ceded to Sweden as a war treaty
- Norway declared its independence and adopted a constitution
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