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1500-1608
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The women were the leaders in the iroquois society and in charge of making the desicions.
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As oppose to the Iroquois, the Algonquins had a patriarchy society; meaning that the desicions and leadership were done by the men.
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Clergy was everywhere:
Priests in charge of parishes (cures), priests working as missionaries, nuns working in hospitals, education, charities, the king assumes power based on the principal of the Divine Right of Kings. -
1608-1760
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-The french were allied with the hurons, and the English were allied with the Iroquois.
-The Hurons and Iroquois fought each other over the fur trade, resulting in the french being pulled into this battle. -
Put in place when the Company system was not working The royal government consisted of: The King, Minister of Marine, Governor, Sovereign council, bishop, intendant, captain of the Militia, and the people.
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Governor: Highest rank, commander of the army, defense, dealt with external affairs (English colonies, Natives) Intendant: Most influential, chief administrator, controlled budget, collecting taxes, justice, seignorial system, built roads, set up industries. Bishop: Administered over Parish Priests, hospitals, schools, charities (doesn't make any final decisions, and is appointed by the pope) Not on council but still had power: Captain of the Militia: Dealt with issues on seigneuries.
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Absolute monarchy: The King names administators of the colony and can still reverse any decisions they make.
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Settlers had a happy life but there was a lot of work to do.-New France was not really developing settlers became self-dependent.-Classes:Nobility/Elite (Governor)Middle Class/Bourgeoisie (Seignuers)Peasants/Habitant (censitaries)
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Put an end to the conflict between the french and the Iroquois, peace treaty between the french and the 40 nations
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-Rules the population had to follow after the British conquered New France:1. The French Militia could go back home and wouldn't lose their property.2. The French pro soldiers and military would lay down their arms and leave. 3. The people could practice the R.C. religion, but the Bishop would have to leave.4. Everyone can leave, but if they stay they are British subjects.
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1760-1867
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-Treaty that ends the Seven Year War in Europe.All territory goes from French to English.France only kept St-Pierre and Miquelon.
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-James Murray did not agree with the Royal Proclamation because the population of Quebec was only 1% englsih and 99% french. -It did not make sense to imply all these English rules on the French.-He changed rules to make the French happier.-He allowed French laws in the lower courts and he changed the civil laws to French.
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Guarantees French Canadian loyalty-Enlarges the area of Quebec (made the English mad because the land was given to the French.)-Appointed council -French civil laws were instated, tithe and seignorial system were back.-Test Act Oath: Test Oath of Allegiance (swear to the king you're loyal and could hold office.)
-All these things led to the Americans/ British being upset. -
-Americans were unhappy with the British.-They faught for their independance and won.
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-Made to satisfy the loyalists.-Quebec was seperated into Upper and Lower Canada.-Lower Canada was mostly French.-Upper Canada was mostly English. -Ottawa River was the boundary between them.-In Lower Canada the French kept their religion, civil laws, and people could work in the administration.-In Upper Canada the Protestants, would use the township system and english civil laws.
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-Written by the leader of the Patriotes Louis Joseph Papineau.-List of assemblys demands. -Mainly for a Responsible Government. -Sent to London.
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-1837-1838-
Upper Canada's rebellion which was lead by William Lyon Mackenzie was put to a quick end.-
Lower Canada's rebellion which was led by Louis Joseph Papineau after several battles (St-Charles, St-Denis, St-Eustrache) was also put down. -
1867-present
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-Beginning of Strikes.
-Partial legalizations of Unions. -
-Began with the electoral defeat of the Union Nationale by Jean Lesage and his Liberal Party.-Begining of Welfare state.-To make the Quebec gov’t the major force behind Quebec's social and economic.-To modernize Quebec's educational system.-To weaken the influence of the church.
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-The Oka crisis lasted 78 days, when the stand-off finally came to an end with out armed conflict, however the issues remained.-The Charlottetown Accord was created to deal with these issues.
