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The South Africa Act takes away all political rights of Africans in three of the country's four states.
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The National Party promises to make laws severely restricting black rights if they win the general election. They hope to get votes from white africans
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This act classified people into 3 racial groups: White, Colored (mixed race or Asian) and native ( African/black). Marriage between the groups was outlawed to maintain racial purity.
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they opened the first black legal firm to help Africans get legal assistanance in government buildings
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Volunteers begin a peaceful resistance to apartheid by breaking the laws.
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This act established a "separate but not necessarily equal" parks, beaches, post offices, and other public places for whites and nonwhites.
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It creates a separate education system for blacks and whites. Blacks are trained to prepare them for a life as part of the working class since its not expected they will be allowed to do anything more than that.
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He is arrested with several other people for fighting against apartheid . He is charged with treason but after a four year trial he was found not guilty.
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The government passes new laws to create separate homelands, called Bantustans, for the major black groups in the country. The government does this to stop blacks from being citizens of South Africa. This was being passed for the whole year of 1959
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The apartheid required blacks to carry passbooks, which contained personal information such as name, date of birth, and photos. When protesters showed up at the Sharpeville poice station without their passbooks, a riot broke out and the police killed 69 people.
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Mandela was the leader of Umkhonto we Sizwe, part of the African National Congress. He is arrested for his role in bombing government targets and sentenced to life in prison.
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Prime Minister Ian Smith announces that Rhodesia has broken away from Great Britain and that whites will control the government. Great Britain had been prepared to only grant independence if blacks were given some of the power in government.
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Due to Apartheid, South Africa is removed from the UN. South Africa is not allowed back into UN until Apartheid ends in 1994.
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High school students in Soweto start a protest for an improved education system for blacks. Police break up the protest with tear gas and bullets, killing more than 600 students.
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Steve Bilko is of the organizers of the Soweto protest and is arrested on August 18, 1977. He dies in police custody on September 12 from brain damage due to being beaten by police.
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People and governments launch an international campaign to boycott South Africa. Some countries ban the import of South African products, and citizens of many countries pressure major companies to pull out of South Africa.
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Countries around the world increasingly pressure South Africa to end its system of apartheid. As a result, some of the segregationist laws are repealed. For example, the laws separating whites and non-whites in public places are relaxed or repealed.
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is commissioned by the government to investigate events surrounding the Entumbane uprising
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The government allows farmers to re-arm, to protect themselves from dissidents
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It is declared that since 1983, dissidents have murdered 120, mutilated 25, raped 47, and committed 284 robberies
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Musician Steven Van Zandt forms Artists United Against Apartheid after touring South Africa.
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Paul Simon went to South Africa to make the album "Graceland" with other South African musicians. When the album is released, Simon is criticized by many people and the African National Congress for breaking the cultural boycott.
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President Frederick Willem de Klerk lifts the ban on the African National Congress in 1990.
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Nelson Mandela is freed from prison after 27 years with the help of President de Klerk for helping set him free but says that there is more work to be done to end apartheid.
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mandela and de Klerk win the noble peace prize for helping stop the apartheid.
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Mandela becomes South Africa's first black president. ANC party won 252 of the 400 seats in the first democratic elections of South Africa's history. "Never, never again will this beautiful land experience the oppression of one by another"-Nelson Mandela
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Almost 10 years after the KwaMakhutha massacre occured, the guilty parties are finally being charged for their crimes. Malan was the Minister of Defense, Chief of the South African Defence Force (SADF) and Chief of the South African Army. He was charged with murdering 13 people which included 7 children. He was eventually found not guilty.
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NP deputy president de Klerk left office in June 1996, after legislators voted to forward the new constitution to the Constitutional Court, and the NP vacated its offices in the national and provincial executive branches, which had been based on the interim constitution's powersharing provisions.
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The NP in 1997 is attempting to establish a new political identity as an active participant in the national political debate; it will challenge ANC initiatives it opposes and compete with the ANC for political support among all racial groups.
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In early 2002 a planned military coup by a white supremacist movement known as the Boeremag was foiled by the South African police. Two dozen conspirators including senior South African Army officers were arrested and the extremist organization dismantled. The effectiveness of the police in foiling the planned coup strengthened public perceptions that the democratic order was irreversible.
