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Turko-Egyptian Rule of Sudan
Turko-Egyptian forces led by Muhammad ‘Ali conquer Sudan and they forced the people to cultivate cotton and the taxes were high. In 1885 Muhammad Ahamad bin’ Abdallan conquered the capital city, Khartoum. This ended the Turko-Egyptian rule. The benefits of the Turko-Egyptian rule was the trade establishments with other countries, new leaders, and the introduction of Arabic culture and language.
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Image:<ahref='http://ritournelleblog.files.wordpress.com/2010/12/louvre-hieroglyph.jpg' -
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Sudan Events
These are some of the notable events in Sudan's history. -
British Colonization of Sudan
The British worked with the Egyptians and took over Sudan. They upgraded the way of living, including infrastructure, law, economy, and the government. However, they split Sudan into the North and the South.
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Image:<ahref='http://www.martinfrost.ws/htmlfiles/april2007/britemp3.jpg' ></a> -
Britain’s Southern Policy in Sudan
Britain made a closed-door policy in Sudan, splitting Northern and Southern Sudan apart. This is because the British said that the South was too underdeveloped so they close it off from the modern world.
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British Flag -
1st Civil War in Sudan
The South of Sudan rebelled against the British because they were being mistreated and ignored. The British had a "closed door" policy and they didn't help the South upgrade their way of living at all.
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<ahref='http://news.bbc.co.uk/olmedia/230000/images/_232803_sudan300army.jpg' >First Civil War</a> -
Sudan’s Independence from Britain
The South began a revolt that lasted 17 years. On January 1, 1956 the Republic of Sudan was declared to be under parliamentary rule. Two years later, it was replaced by a dictatorship due to a struggle for power, and finally, the nation tried to go for democracy, but due to corruption it didn't work.
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<ahref='http://img.rtvslo.si/_up/upload/2012/07/09/64895506_sudan2.jpg' >Southern Sudan Independence</a> -
Anya Nya is Created
Anya Nya is a rebel group that was created in the first civil war. They shipped imported weapons from other countries to fight the North. The Northern government were shipped heavy and light weapons including artillery from the soviet union.
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<ahref='http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Sn_anyaanya1.PNG/250px-Sn_anyaanya1.PNG' >Anya Nya</a> -
Nimeiri Becomes President in Sudan
Nimeiri took over, while stating that he ruled using a democratic government. However, he eliminated all other political parties so he would be the only one running for president. The elections through 1977 and 1983 continued in this fashion.
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<ahref='http://www.jeuneafrique.com/photos/2009053018052520.jpg' >Nimeiri</a> -
Oil is First Discovered in Sudan
Oil was discovered in Southern Sudan, while the North still had all the power, and the South were happy that their lives were about to get much better. However, that was not to be, as oil was easily transported and traded by ship, and the South was landlocked while the North was not. The South couldn’t make a pipeline towards the sea, as that would intrude through other countries, and they would want a share also.
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2nd Civil War in Sudan
It erupted when Nimeiri introduced the Sharia law which made everybody into religious extremists. People rebelled against this idea and the civil war started.
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<ahref='http://www.independent.co.uk/migration_catalog/article5186535.ece/ALTERNATES/w460/pg-20-sudan-reuters.jpeg' >2nd Civil War</a> -
SPLM/A is Created
President Nimeiri introduced a law that made religions extreme, meaning that everybody must make religion a massive part of their life. This violated some of his peace agreements and the SPLA was formed as a rebel group.
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<ahref='http://i197.photobucket.com/albums/aa311/lancero22/janeiro09/20090109175818ENLUS0159477312315238.jpg' >SPLM/A</a> -
Omar Al-Bashir Becomes President
Omar Al-Bashir took over and he made sure that the press and media couldn’t say anything bad about under threat of death. Like Nimeiri, he declared himself president with no other political party running against him. Omar Al-Bashir is wanted by the international crimes court for crimes against humanity.
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<ahref='http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/01359/omar_al_bashir_1359716c.jpg' >Omar Al Bashir</a> -
Major Famine in Sudan
A major famine hit, causing crop failure. Many people died because the government refused to help them. This is because they feared that this would help their enemies, the SPLA in Southern Sudan. People who tried to help were expelled from the country. The prices for food skyrocketed and the currency became next to worthless.
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Famine -
Southern Sudan Gains Independence
As North Sudan kept the oil that was found in the South from the Southerners, the South voted for independence in their country as an act agaisnt the North,
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<ahref='http://i1.ytimg.com/vi/aXmzLCpkmsk/maxresdefault.jpg' >Southern Sudan Get Independence</a> -
ICC Declares Genocide in Sudan
The International Crimes Court saw that the North government had sent the Janjaweed to go and they held the president, Omar Al-Bashir responsible for crimes against humanity.
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Darfur Conflict Starts
In the Western Sudan region, rebels were protesting against how the Northern government of their mistreatment of that region’s black africans. The government hired a militia known as the Janjaweed to go and sort out the rebels. The Janjaweed killed many, many people.
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<ahref='http://eastchestermhs.wikispaces.com/file/view/janjaweed.jpg/30677024/janjaweed.jpg' >Janjaweed</a>
