The Rise of Totalitarism in Europe

  • Feb. and Oct. : Bolshevik revolutions

    Feb. and Oct. : Bolshevik revolutions
  • Nov. : Emperor William II abdicates. Establishment of the Weimar Republic.

  • Mussolini forms "Combat Leagues"

  • National Socialist Party (NSDAP) founded

  • "March on Rome" by Mussolini

    "March on Rome" by Mussolini
  • Stalin becomes General Secretary

  • USSR is founded

  • French occupation of the Ruhr

  • Munich Putsch; Hitler arrested

  • Lenin and Trotski break with Satline

  • Fascicts assassinate deputy Matteotti

  • Lenin dies; Stalin takes power

    Lenin dies; Stalin takes power
  • Establishment of Mussolini's dictatorship

  • "Fascist Laws" enacted

  • Trotsky is expelled from the Communist Party

  • Trotsky exiled; Stalin initiates collectivization

  • Nazis win legislative elections

  • 27-28: Reichstag fire; freedoms suspended

    27-28: Reichstag fire; freedoms suspended
  • Staline second five-year plan

  • Hitler becomes Chancellor

  • Dachau concentration camp opens

    Dachau concentration camp opens
  • June 29-30: Night of the Long Knives

  • Mussolini launches policy of autarky

  • Nuremberg anti-Semitic laws

  • Mussolini get support for Franco in Spain

  • Italian victory in Ethiopia

  • Apr. 1936 - Mar. 1938: Moscow Trials and Stalinist purges

  • Second Moscow trial against Red Army leaders

  • Mar. : Anschluss (German troops enter Austria)

    Mar. : Anschluss (German troops enter Austria)
  • Third Moscow Trial: Execution Boukharine

  • Nov. 9-10: Kristallnacht pogrom

    Nov. 9-10: Kristallnacht pogrom
  • Radical and anti-Semitic political launch

  • May: The "Pact of Steel" between Italia and Germany

    May: The "Pact of Steel" between Italia and Germany
  • Aug. : Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact

    Aug. : Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact