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Known for being John Cage’s teacher. He was an American innovator who was drawn to non-Western music
A huge supporter of Charles Ives (very few understood him). He invented chance music not John Cage. He as well invented new techniques for playing the piano -
American composer: wrote classical, concert hall music infused with jazz and popular music
Wrote for Broadway, film, and the concert hall
Virtuoso pianist
His most famous works include:
An American in Paris
Rhapsody in Blue
Porgy and Bess (opera) -
Major band leader in the swing era (1930s) and then in the big band era (1940s)
Composed hundreds of tunes, film scores, concertos, concert pieces, and works for the theater. -
Composer, teacher, critic, conductor, and sponsor of concerts Taught at Harvard, gave lectures (TED-style talks) and conducted festivals in many American schools 2 operas, 6 ballets, 8 film scores, 25 piano works, 3 symphonies, concertos, overtures and fanfares, 12 choral works, and about 20 songs.
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An American composer; influential as a teacher and as a composer for 50 years.
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Serialist French composer and teacher
Known for incorporating bird songs into his music.
Many of his works focus on religious subjects, including aspects of non-Western cultures and religions: “Art is the ideal expression of religious faith.” -
Innovated many modern compositional techniques
Helped change the definition of music to “organized sound
Some elements are left up to chance in the performance
Cage defined it as: “the ability of a piece to be performed in substantially different ways.” -
Billie Holiday was one of the leading female jazz singers
She broke racial barriers by performing with white bands
Known for her renditions of blues songs -
One of the most famous musical Conductors, Composers, Teachers, Pianists, Lecturers, TV personality of the 20th century
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Hungarian composer – settled in Germany
Active in electronic music and as a teacher
Interested in clusters of sounds, orchestrally and chorally
His choral music is especially complex and beautiful
Became well-known when his music was in 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) -
The most important composer (and conductor) of the French avant-garde
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German composer who made innovations in electronic music and all sorts of other types of experimental music
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World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.
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American composer, theorist, professor at Princeton, and critic
A pioneer in digital sound synthesis
Embraced computer assisted composition and even wrote a computer opera -
During the mid 1950s, Chuck Berry, along with Elvis Presley, Little Richard, Buddy Holly, Fats Domino, and Jerry Lee Lewis, blended the musical styles of jump blues and honky-tonk with an edgy attitude to create a new genre known as rock ‘n’ roll -
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Tape music uses:
musique concrete elements
electronically produced sounds
Experiments began in 1951 at Columbia University
“Come Out” – Steve Reich -
Cage explored the role of silence which led to his composition 4’33”
First performed by pianist David Tudor. He came out onstage, placed a score on the piano rack, sat quietly for the duration of the piece, then closed the piano lid and walked off the stage.
Cage’s detractors dismissed this work as a “gimmick,” not even acknowledging that it could be music. Some even called it a joke. But Cage was serious. -
A Romeo and Juliet saga. Bernstein’s music is complex and makes this musical special.