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Music was used extensively in the early church. There was also a flourishing popular-music culture from which we have significant examples. Melody is used primarily to convey words. Most composer were poets.
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First described 900 CE, extant in 800s CE. Notaded c.1000 CE.
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Music theorist; accredited for creating a system of precise pitch notation through lines and spaces on the staff. He advocated a method of sight-singing using solfege syllables.
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Composer of the first mortality play - "Sybil of the Rhine." Writer, composer, theologian. Counsel was sought after by rulers.
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Famous troubadour, perhaps the finest poet of this type. Very important musically because more of his music survives more than any other 12th century poet.
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Master of organum purum at the Cathedral of Notre Dame. "Anonymous IV."
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Famous female troubadour, left us the only surviving melody by a female troubadour.
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From Southern France, served in the court of Montferrat. Killed in battle serving his patron.
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Poet and Minnesinger. worked at the Viennese court. Wrote the earliest surviving minnesinger melody. Considered the leading composer and poet.
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Provencal (Occitan) text. Improvised percussion.
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Master of discant organum at the Cathedral of Notre Dame. Supposed student of Leonin. Wrote 3 and 4-voice organum.
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Trouvere. Wrote in several genres and forms, monk at Arras.
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One of the last trouveres. Wrote polyphony, studied in Paris.
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More text than chant. Rhythmic. Multiple languages.
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Known as the "inventor of new art." French composer, poet, theorist, and bishop. Established a new tradition of mensural notation.
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Leading composer and poet of the Ars Nova.
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Refers to new style in France. Include complexity, sometimes extreme, rhythm (polymeters/polyrhythms), freer use of striking dissonances of 2nds and 7ths.
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"Ars nova notandi" aka The New Art of Notes, written by Phillipe de Vitry.
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Known for his cadences. Virtuoso organist. Blind, most celebrated musical personality at the time.
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"Here is the spring," Francesco Landini. 2-part ballata.
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"Since I am Forgotten," rondeau, French forme fixe. Modal tonality, no set system of cadences. Machaut added dissonances on cadences.
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English but influenced musical style in Europe. People impressed by "English quality," used 3rds and 6ths.
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First Renaissance composer.
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Very respected and prolific; also a low bass.
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Composer and music theorist, wrote the first definition of musical terms.
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Rondeau (form fixe) for 3 voices - difficult for musicologists to date this piece and Dunstable's pieces in general.
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Most revered Renaissance composer, esp. by Martin Luther.
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Prolific German composer.
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Leading composer at the Burgundian court. Never worked in Italy, very famous in his day. Frequent use of canon and ostinato.
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Made important contributions to large scale forms and their unity. Dutch, important composer of masses in Europe.
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First music printer and publisher; preserved Renaissance music for us today.
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German, religious reformer.
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Father of text expression.
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English composer, most well-known for writing a 40-voice part motet.
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Dutch; worked in Rome and Paris. Famous for his early madrigals and his 3 to 7-voice masses, well published in the 16th century.
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Raphael's art.
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Flemish; worked in Ferrara and Parma. Associated with Willaert.
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At the Viennese and Prague courts, religious, Franco-Flemish, mixed polyphony and homophony. One of the most prolific composers of the Renaissance.
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Most famous composer of the renaissance.
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Awarded the most posthumous fame.
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Italian organist, composer, teacher, uncle of Giovanni. Worked in Venice, pupil of Willaert, versatile and innovative.
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Leader of Florentine Camerata in the 1570s-90s. Italian critic poet, composer, and playwright.
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Pupil of de Rore; served the Dukes of Manuta and Parma. Stormy personal life, text declamation was important to him, and he influenced Monteverdi.
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40-part voice motet written by Thomas Tallis. Extreme.
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English, Catholic composer writing both Protestant and Catholic music in England. Greatest English composer of the time.
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Spanish, continued Palestrina's Roman style in Spain. Studied in Rome; sacred-music composer; the greatest Spanish composer of the Renaissance.
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English, contributed to English madrigals. Important for music publication and printing. Likely a pupil of Byrd.
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Known for his chromaticism. Leading composer of madrigals, extreme expressive intensity. Stravinsky was fascinated by his music.
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Written in a high Renaissance style by Giovanni Perluigi da Palestrina.
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Lived into early Baroque - many Renaissance style songs were composed for and used for his plays.
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Ahead of his time, took music to a new style. Seconda pratica v. prima practica.
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Paolo Veronese painting was almost in a Baroque style.