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The Sassanid Empire was the largest pre-Islamic Persian Empire, ruled by the Sasanian Dynasty from 224-651. It was recognized as one of the two main powers in Western Asia and Europe, alongside the Roman Empire. It is considered to have been one of Persia's/Iran's most important and influential historical periods.
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It is noted for the only known fully developed written language of the pre-Columbian Americas, as well as for their art, architecture, and mathematical and astronomical systems. The Mayan people have never disappeared, and make a sizable population.
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The Byzantine Empire was part of the Roman Empire, after Rome split it was Greek. It had a decline in the empire, until the end when Constantinople was captured by Turks.
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Constantinople was very important because it was the capital for the Roman Empire, Byzantine empire, and the ottoman empire. During the crusades Constantinople was fought over by the christians and the Muslims.
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Muhammad was the founder of the Islam religion, and the last prophet of God.
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The Muslim faith split into the sunni and Shi'ite after muhammad's death. The successor was what caused the split. The Umayaad caliphs were the leaders for the Sunni, but the shi'ite didn't agree.
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Muslims took control of Spain and advance to India, they try to take control of Constantinople too, but they fail, despite attempting two attacks.
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The Abbasid Caliphate began in 750 and ended in 1258, but it came back and finally ended in 1513. The abbasid caliphate had a very diverse population with rich culture.
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The Seljuk Turks formed the Seljuk Empire, they captured Jerusalem after defeating the Byzantine, leading to the first Crusade. Later they were defeated by the founder of the ottoman Empire.
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Holy wars were declared by the Pope Urban II against Muslims over Jerusalem and Palestine. This resulted in an increase of cultural diffusion and trade. There were nine different crusades:
First Crusade 1095–1099
Second Crusade 1147–1149
Third Crusade 1187–1192
Fourth Crusade 1202–1204
Albigensian Crusade 1209
Children's Crusade 1212
Fifth Crusade 1217–1221
Sixth Crusade 1228–1229
Seventh Crusade 1248–1254
Eighth Crusade 1270
Ninth Crusade 1271–1272 -
Saladin was the Sultan of Egypt and Syria, he led the Islamic resistance against the European crusades, and he also recaptured Palestine.
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Genghis Khan was a great Mongol warrior who built one of the biggest empire through miitary conquest.
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The Delhi Sultanate was the time period in which the Muslim ruled India. This time period was very peaceful, including Hindus.
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The Magna Carta was an English document that limited the power of the king while giving rights to elite.
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The Mali empire was founded by Sundiata Keita, it became renowned for the wealth of the rulers. The empire spread its language, laws, customs through its profound culture in West Africa along the Nile River. It extended over a large area, and consisted of many vassal kingdoms and provinces.
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Mamluks were a slave dynasty in Egypt. The Mamluks stopped the movement by the Mongols' in the Egypt area.
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Mansa Musa was the King of Mali, he is known for his journey to Mecca and building Mosques all over the place.
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The Hundred Years' war was between France and Britain, over the French throne. France lost because the battles were mostly inside their borders.
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The Songhai Empire was located in West Africa and its capital was Gao and its base of power was on the bend of the Niger River in present day Niger. The Songhai Empire is known for being one of the largest Islamic empires in history.
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The Ming Empire was the successor to the powerful Mongols. The Ming wanted to completely eliminate the Mongol existence by destroying all signs of Mongol rule, they were also a very strict government.
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Timur was a Turk conqueror, he conquered South, Central, and North Asia. Timur was the founder of the Timurid Empire.
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Zheng He was an Eunech admiral, he is known for 7 exploratory voyages that he led for the Ming Empire. The Ming stopped funding his voyages and destroyed the evidence he made in his voyages, such as his charts.
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The Aztec Civilization was from Central Mexico, and was the last great Mesoamerican civilization before the arrival of the Europeans.
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The Gutenberg Press was different from others, because it used movable type. The Gutenberg press made high quality prints, and made people want to read, because it was easier to print books.
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Ivan III was a ruler for Russia, and expanded Russian territory greatly. He was also succesor to the byzantine by marrying the niece of the last Emperor of the Byzantine Empire.
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The Establishment of the Holy Roman Empire began when Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne, the King of Franks. Although it was called the Holy Roman Empire, for most of the time Rome wasn't a part of it.
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The empire was founded by Emeperor Wen of Sui, and during his reign Southern and Northern China were reunified and the construction of the Grand Canal.
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The Tang empire was the successor to the Sui empire.
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it is called Kievan Russia because it was led by Vladimir, the Grand Duke of Kiev. Dring this time period Russia was Christian because of Vladimir, but it ended when the Mongols' destroyed Kiev.
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Charlemagne was the king of the Franks, but also Roman emperor from 800 to his death. Charlemagne showed support for the Church, and education. He is known as the father of Europe.
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The Kingdom of Ghana was successful because of the Trans-Saharn trade, which traded gold, Ivory, and Slaves. The islamic religion spread through Ghana because of its trade routes.
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The Song Empire followed the Tang Empire. the Focus of the Song Empire was on Confucian philosophy, the arts, industry (almost had an Industrial Revolution), and education.