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It was a war between christians and muslims over Holy Land. This was the first crusade fought. It lasted from 1096 to 1291 with several cursades.
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Art changes, a new direction in art begins as well. The black death, starvation and warfare had taken over Europe. Decrease in populatoin allowed farmers to produce more food than needed but food prices did decline.
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Happened between England and France. This was lasted from 116 years. The king of France tried to take over Englands territory.
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1/3 of Europeans died. It was carried from rats on trade ships. Increase in power for European kings.
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Yuan Dynasty weakened after Kublai Khan's death in 1279. A peasant named Zhu Yuanzhang and his army overthrew the last mongol emperor. Zhu took the name Hongwu meaning vastly material. Ming means brilliant. Hongwu expanded his power as an emporer. almost a 300 year rule. 1368-1644
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it was during the age of exploration. He was gone from 1405 to 1433 exploring.
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Joan was called "the maid of Orleans". Joan was found guilty from heresy. After her execution she was found innocent.
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it makes the europeans go west. and trade increases. christians are no longer in power because of it.
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Johannes Gutenberg created the first printing press in 1455. The first book created was the bible and it was 1282 pages. The printing press helped travel news faster. It was made out of wood and the letters were made out of metal.
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Columbus believed he could sail west around the world from spain to china. when columbus reached an island he thought it was the asians islands known as indies so he called the people there indians. THe spanish hailed columbus as a hero.
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in 1492 jews were first expelled from spain then in 1500 muslims were to convert to catholic or leave spain. some of them were forced to live in particular harsh places in the city called the ghetto. the ghettos were walled and their agtes closed at certian times each evening. jews that cinverted to catholic stayed in spain and were members of the educated elite.
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A portuguese explorer that set out to india. da Gama stopped at several afriacan ports where he learned muslim merchants were actively involved in trade. The journey took more than ten months until they reach the city of Calicut in india.
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Heloicentric theory is that the earth revolves around the sun. The geocentric theory didnt explain the movements of the sun, moon and other planets. The sun is the center of the solar system.
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about 12 million new african americans came to america. african americans were taken from africa and brought to north and south america. the people from africa were brought to america as servants or slaves.
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the Safavid empire lasted from 1501-1722. the empire was basically led by a 14 year old boy when his father died in the fighting of sunni muslims. in 1600 the capital was the worlds most amazing cities. the empire defeated the Uzbeks and gained back land that was lost from the Ottomans.
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america was named after Amerigo Vespucci in his honor. amerigo discovered the mainland in 1502.
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This painting is still being studied and admired today. The painter had over 20,000 documents. He was also a writer, an inventor, and an architect. It captures complexity of human spirit with its mysterious spirit.
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One of the worlds greatest masterpiece. Very different from art of the Middle Ages, a new direction in art. He climbed a 40- foot ladder to a scaffoding. and another 20 feet to a platform 7 feet beneath the ceiling.
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The 95 theses are complaints about the church. It critizied the power of the pope and wealth of church. He says that indulgents are sinful. This stimulates discussion.
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He sent out with five different ships with 250 men on them around the world. Magellan reached the Philippines and was killed by natives. Juan Sebastian de Elcano lead the crew after Magellan was killed. In spetember 1522 there were only 18 survivors that lived after going around the world.
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after failing to make an empire in central asia, Babur turns to india and defeats the rulers of Delhi. in 1556 Akbar the great takes the throne at age 13. he would do anything to get people to be loyal to him. he even married a nobles daughter so they would be pn his side instead of against him. he did this so the empire wouldnt break down.
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He wanted to speard roman catholic faith. Philip also wanted to conquer england. He was married to Queen Mary I of england.
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Pizarro hears about the weath the Inca Empire has and now he wants it. Smallpox has killed many of the inca empire including the emperor.
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Henry VIII breaks catholic church. now henry VIII is the head of the church as well his people. he only did this because his marriage would not be annulled so he can marry another lady.
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Pope paul III convened the counsil of trent. they were meeting off and on until 1563. the counsil of trent basically delegates the criticisms made by protestants about catholic practices. the counsil of trent rejected the protestants emphasis on self-discipline and individual faith.
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Queen elizabeth restores the church of england and supports for the protestantism. elizabeths first act as a queen was to draft a new supremacy act in 1559. it splits england once again from Rome, elizabeth firmly enstablished the church of england and killed any catholics who plotted to place mary into the throne. paraliament helped herfavor protestantism. she called the parliament into session at least 10 times during her 45 year reign. in 1601 her favorite courtiers was tried and exuctued bec
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The age of Enlightenment is also known ad the age of reason. iit started in the 1600's when philophosers began to view reason as the best way to understand the truth. the ideas of the enlightenment inspired educated people throughout europe and beyond that.people gathered together to create new ideas. this lasted until 1792.
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the settlers in jamestown looked and hoped to find gold and silver and possibly find a route to the pacific ocean. instead they found marshy ground and impure water. 80 percent of the settlers died during the first winer in the americas. but the colony endured.
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He wanted fame for himslef and glory for france. he bacame known ans the sun god. he said the world revolved around him.
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Last dynasty in 3,500 years of imperial rule in china. it ended around 1911. china gained prosperous and expanded to its largest size in history during this dynasty.
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1653 he was given the title Lord Protector of england, scotland, and ireland. int 1649 charles I was beheaded in front of his own palace when oliver was in power. the house of commons abolished the house of lords and outlawed monarchy while under cromwellls influence.
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Thomas Hobbes wrote this book about his views about the government. it is about his experience of the voilence and upheaval of the english civil war persuaded him that people were selfish and greedy. people would lead lives that were "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short. He beileved that people needed goverenments to impose order.
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Peter I removed his sister from the throne at age 17. He wants to mondernize and reform by travelling and bring back the things he learned to russia. During his rule he modernized the calandar and promoted officials based on service instead of social status.
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wanted to expand russias territory and make russia more european. she had a war with poland because people wanted freedom from russian influence. in 1768 ottoman empire joined polish cause.
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the revolution is caused because there were long standing resentments againt the french monarchy fueled anger throughtout france. the souce of the french peoples ill will could be found in the inequal structure of french government and society. a socail and political structure call the old order created inequalities in french society.
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delegates met at a constitutional convention in philadelphia to revise the Articles. but they wrote a new article instead. the US constitution remains the oldest written constitution still in use to this day. the constitution created a federal system of government which means certian powers are held by the federal government and other powers for state government.
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there were a series od accusations, trials, and exucationes that became known as the reign of terror. it created a new wave of fear throughout the country. the reign of terror didnt spare any particular class, occupatopn or gender.
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1793 he forced britich troops out of the port of toulon. he was 5'6 or shorter. in 1799 he for people to turn government over to napoleon and called that the coup d'etat. he caused a war that lasted more than a decade.
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A batttle beween the french and the british. The british drove the french army off the field by the end of the day. Casualities totaled about 50,000 men. This was the end of napoleons military career and end of Napoleonic wars.
