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Lived in Crete, very far away from Mycenaean.
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The ''Age of Pyramids'', in this era were most pyramids built. It ended when the first illness occurred - poor harvests, warfare and lawlessness.
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The Maya originated in the Yucatan around 2600 B.C.; they rose to prominence around A.D. 250 in present-day southern Mexico, Guatemala, western Honduras, El Salvador, and northern Belize.
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First known civilization in the Fertile Crescent.
They created Cuneiform or the first form of writing in this region. -
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Pharaohs restored power and moved the capital to Thebes. Focused on projects for the public trying to keep the people happy. Encouraged trade, improved transportation, built irrigation canals and made sure all people had plenty to eat. A Second Illness occurred, though, and a group of people from the East (the Hyksos) invaded Egypt and took over. They were able to conquer Egypt because they had horse-drawn carriages and weapons the Egyptians had never seen before.
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Amorites/Babylonians defeated Sumeria, ruled by Hammurabi. They were responsible for the first written set of laws.
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The king of ancient Mesopotamia who reigned in Babylon . He recorded a system of laws called the Code of Hammurabi and ordered 282 laws engraved in stone and placed in a public location for everyone to see.
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A centralized government under King Hammurabi.
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This time period is characteristic for it's use of bronze and the presence of writing in some areas.
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His reign ended about 1570 B.C.. Eventually overthrown by the Egyptians and pharaohs are restored to power.
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Egypt decided to avoid invasion by invading
those around them. Egypt creates an empire. -
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Including these, other cultures dominated part or all of the Fertile Crescent.
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A civilization rose up, building their own culture, but using the alphabet of former civilization to create a new one.
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The ancient Olmec civilization is believed to have been centered around the southern Gulf Coast of Mexico area (today the states of Veracruz and Tabasco in Mexico) – further south east than the heart of the Aztec empire. The Olmec culture developed in the centuries before 1200 BC (or BCE), and declined around 400 BC.
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Was a Period of decline for Egypt. They lost their empire and faced many invasions.
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Natural Disaster destroyed the most famous of the Bronze Age Greek civilization, the Mycenaeans and Minoans. -
The Bantu migrated from Congo or the Niger Delta Basin. Their migration throughout Africa is one of the largest migrations in human history. One reason may be that overpopulation encouraged them to move away in order to practice agriculture. Another could be that they were in search of fertile land. They were an agricultural people and introduced crops such as millet and sorghum. They may also have introduced iron smelting and iron tools.
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The Assyrians were fierce warriors whose kingdom was upstream on the Tigris River from the Babylonians. Their armies conquered Babylon in 911BCE and over the next three centuries, the Assyrians built the largest and powerful empire the world had known at that time.
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Begins with the story of Romulus and Remus.
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It is said that at that time there was a ''lack of forward thinking ideas and practices'', but actually the term ''dark'' was used to describe the decline in later Latin literature following the collapse of the Western Roman empire.
The had a great religious variety, and a high point in British art. -
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Was centered in rome.
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Today Constantinople is called Istanbul -
The emperor died in Nicomedia. The empire was thereafter by agreement parted between his three sons.
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It became one of the leading civilizations in the world before falling to an Ottoman Turkish onslaught in the 15th century.
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Some characteristics were:
-Feudalism
-Social organization
- almost total rural economy
- powerful church -
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Pope Urban II. called for a Crusade to recapture Jerusalem from the Muslims. In this time they fought their way through the Holy Land, looting and killing many Muslims and Jews.
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Founded by Genghis Khan. The origin of the Mongols was the Jin Dynasty, ancient chinese people., Through the Mongols there was an increase of cultural exchange and wealth all along the trade paths. Marco Polo traveled to the Mongol Empire. The effect on Russia was that Russia became uinified for the first time.
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The Aztecs were a wandering Native American tribe who came to Mexico during the 13th century. There they built a great civilization including cities, pyramids, and temples. In 1519, Spanish conquistadors arrived in Mexico and defeated the Aztecs.
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The goods and knowledge brought back by the crusaders touched off a new wave of learning and cultural creativity in western Europe, the “rebirth” or “Renaissance.” Beginning in Northern Italy. It led to the questioning of the power of the Roman Catholic Church and the Pope. By the 1500’s, this would lead to open rebellion and division within the Catholic Church. Led by men such as Martin Luther, John Calvin and a reluctant King Henry VIII of England, this era known as the Protestant Reformation.
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Many European countries began to explore other parts of the world. Reasons were finding new spices to trade (luxury items), the spread of Christianity, travel was made easier: compass, maps,.... the monarchs sent explorers in search of wealth to claim as their own and also wanting new lands. Important explorers were: Prince Henry, Bartholomeu Dias, Vasco da Gama, Christopher Columbus, Amergio Vespucci, Vasco Nunez de Balboa, Ferdinand Magellan, Samuel de Champlain, Robert La Salle.
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The Incas were a native South American people that once ruled one of the largest and richest empires in the Americas. Their empire covered much of present-day Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Chile and parts of Columbia and Argentina. The Inca empire was conquered by invading Spain in the 16th century.
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Martin Luther, a 16th-century monk and theologian, was one of the most significant figures in Christian history. His beliefs helped birth the Reformation—which would give rise to Protestantism as the third major force within Christendom, alongside Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy. His actions had already set the Reformation in motion, which would introduce new religious, political, and economic trajectories to Europe and the world.
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The breakup of the EEIC, who established a monopoly, led to a huge increase in opium traffic and because a part of the English public now clamored for a greater access to China's huge market, and Britain would also use bluster and the threat of force if neccessary. It was the immediate cause for the First Opium War.
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The humiliation during the First Opium War and westernization that supplanted traditional values were among other major causes of the rebellion in Japan. The rebellion had a negative impact on population density, but positive effects on industrialization and urbanization through change in endowment, human capital, and official stricture. The Taiping Rebellion, in which 20 – 30 million people died, was the deadliest civil war in human history.
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Commodore Perry was sent by the American Government to make a treaty between Japan as they did with China. Through the American visit the Japanese, technologies were shared to the once completely isolated Japanese. New things from the Western culture influenced Japan tremendously. Commodore Perry's service was not only to America and Japan, but likewise to the civilized world. -
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Imperialism is the domination of one country's political, economic, or cultural life by another. The major colonizers from Europe were Russia, Britain and France. Through the exploit that goes hand in hand with imperialism, the colonization powers became wealthier and more powerful.
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Franz Ferdinand was the heir and archduke of the Austro-Hungarian empire. He and his wife were assassinated in Sarajevo. -
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The were many events that caused WWI, but the start event after which war was officially declared was the assassination of the heir of the Austro-Hungarian heir, Franz Ferdinand, in Sarajevo. Alliances forced countries, who had nothing to do with the break out of war between Austro-Hungary and Serbia, to take their side in the war. Eventhough everybody looses in war, Germany lost the war and Fance, Britain and the US made a peace treaty, which laid a heavy burden on the Germans.
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Was the worst economic downturn in the US history. The stock market crash of October 1929 signaled the beginning of the Great Depression. By 1933, unemployment was at 25 percent and more than 5,000 banks had gone out of business. Out of work Americans filled long breadlines, begged for food, or sold apples on street corners.
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Hitler was the 'Führer' of Nazi-Germany. The 'Holocaust' took place, killing millions of people, not only Jews but homosexuals, handicaped people, gypsies, and people who stood up against his regime. The suffering of the Germans were great after WWI and several as Hitler did, took the opportunity to gain power through promising food, work, and freedom under his partie's control.
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The attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service upon the United States against the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor in Honolulu, Hawaii. The United States was a neutral country at the time; the attack led to its formal entry into World War II on the side of the Allies the next day. The attack was preceded by months of negotiations between the U.S. and Japan over the future of the Pacific. -
The Normandy landings were the landing operations and associated airborne operations on Tuesday, 6 June 1944 of the Allied invasion of Normandy in Operation Overlord during World War II. Codenamed Operation Neptune and often referred to as D-Day, it was the largest seaborne invasion in history. -
The US dropped an atomic bomc on Japan, causing a great destruction and killing hundredthousands of people. -
The bomb was dropped only few days after the one in Hiroshima. Japan was really damaged and surrendered to the Allies. After Japan surrendered, the WWII ended once and for all. -
A bitter rivalry between the US and the Soviet Union, the two superpowers after WWII, that lasted for almost 50 years.
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The USSR launched Sputnik, the first satellite. Khrushchev was the leader of the USSR at that time. As a result the US creates NASA, National Aeronatuics & Space Administration to make a space program that kept up with the Russians. -
Under Castro in 1959 Cuba was under a communist dictatorship. Cuba was a satellite state of the USSR. Kennedy, planned to invade Cuba (Bay of Pigs Invasion). USSR gave more weapons to Cuba after Bay of Pigs. A secret missile base on the island was discovered by satellite photos in 1962. Kennedy ordered a "strict quarantine" of Cuba; no warships carrying missiles would be allowed in or out. USSR leader Khrushchev agreed to take the missiles out of Cuba. This was the closest we came to atomic war.