1914-1947 brit emp

By stefania16

  • 2.5 mill men from colonies fought ww1

  • egyp- protectorate 1.2 mill men help dfnd egy

    100,000 egy men fought in eu, half died.
    most fought ger colonies in afr,
    in eu- mostly worked as labourers

  • 5 mill men from brit isles fought ww1

  • 1.3 mill inds fought

    conscription never intro- 4x more than other colonies combined

  • gandhi back in ind- 1915

    was made president on INC

  • gandhi tours and help of country

    helped in a tax dispute in gujarat
    and in ahmebad a textile dispute

  • ind gave £100 mill to brit war effort

  • jew pop palestine 1918= 9%

  • nehru

    president of national congress, 1928 and 1919
    wanted industralised india and a muslim league

  • treaty of versailled 1919

    strip ger of colonies now become mandates

  • amritsar massacre/ jalinnwala bagh

    crowd gather jalinwala bah- celebrate holiday , officer dyre bring his men and machine guns and fire into crowd, killing men women and childre, told them to fire where there is the densest crowd.
    led to ganhi, taking action, lost of brits moral supremacy 'more civilised'

  • SATYAGRAHA - gandhi 1919

    peace- all achieve with peace.
    fought for dalit- intouchables, community and was against the caste systeem

  • gov of ind act 1919

    split gov into 2
    upper body where 34 out of 60 officials were elected- more educated and skilled
    lower body- provincial council wher 104 out of 144 mbs were elected- give representation to indians.
    also known as the montagu-chelmsford reforms
    montagu-secrtr state, chelmsfd- viceroy
    DYARCHY- two governing bodies
    allowed representation on votes, muslims and sikhs allowed to resume seats in parlmnt

  • rowlatt act 1919

    allowed the british to act as they saw fit, respond to things with violence- led to amritsar massacre

  • non- co-op movement 1920s

    failed, lead to a violent uprising, was meant to show swaraj- self rule., was ended due to chauri chaura incident 4 february 1922 where they set fire to a police station.

  • herbert samuel brit official in charge palest 1920

  • gezira cotton scheme

    in sudan, made dams and railroads inorder to make the cotton industry in sudan more profitable
    £3million allocated

  • treaty of sevres

    took away the the ottoman empires territory

  • cairo conf 1921

    subject of iraw, some self gov following rise in protests e.g. by kurds in 1920
    ethnic divide, shias, sunnis and kurds
    self gov of iraq, while brit in charge of important stuff, economy, military and foreign affairs

  • anglo- iraqi treaty 1922

    appointed king faisal 1 of the hashemite dynasty ti be head of state but this was more as a concession because brit still own military and economic factors

  • irlnd indepn 1922

  • devonshire delcaration 1923

    try to right the wrongs, promised protection for the interest of black africans

  • infrastructure dvlp africa 1925

    gov set aside £10 million to invest in railways and educational facilities in west africa

  • white paper- 1927 leo amery

    argues for trusteeship- mostly in east africa, give them more governance and influence over their own country

  • wailing wall disputes

    growing tension palest and jews, eventually erupt- tension over access, lots of riots , thousands dead

  • colonial development act of 1929

    earmarked £1mill aside for investment into the colonies, not efficient, no where near enough

  • simon commmission

    give princely states more freedom and incorporate them into a united federal india- under ultimate brit rule, many didnt want to

  • round table conference

    in 1930s - ganhi didnt attend he was arrested due to salt marches, overall no dom status given to india

  • anglo-iraqi treaty of 1930

    full co-operation between the two superpowers on foreign policy, the mosul fields very important for brits- lots of oil, negotiaited before end of ww1 with ottomans for british petroleum comp to control, iraq offered 20% of profit but this was later ignored by brits

  • civil disobedient movement 30-31

    in form of mass movements
    salt marches and just contradicitng brit rule

  • salt march

    undertook a 240 mile salt march on the 12 march 1930 to make salt from sea water, as a defiance to the brits monopoly and tax on salt

  • more civil disobed mvmnt 1931-32

  • statue of westminister 1931

    dominions become autonomous

  • jew pop pales 1931= 16.9%

  • iraq independent 1932

  • iraq lost

    nvr rlly stable- lost after 12 yrs of rule.

  • gov of ind act 1935

    led by linthigow- viceroy at time
    gave more provicial govs
    not enough, allowed more ppl to vote
    ppl want independe

  • peel report

    suggest splitting up of palestine
    rejected by arabs

  • sir stafford cripps sent by churchill- dom status ind

    they refused only want full independence

  • jpn seize malaya, burma, hong kong

    ready to invade india, brit fears
    end white invincibility idea

  • INA- chandra bose

    made in 1942, challenge brit rule by aligning with axis powers and destabilis from within.

  • quit india campaign 1942

    led by gandhi- undermined brits during war

  • jpn take singapore 1942 feb

    shows idea of white supremacy defeated