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The Norman victory in the Norman Conquest of England, fought between the Norman army of Duke William II of Normandy and the English army of King Harold II. King Harold II (Harold Goodwinson) is defeated.
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Jerusalem is re-taken from the Muslims after 3 years, on the preaching of Pope Urban II.
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The Knights Templar is founded, to protect Jerusalem and European pilgrims on their journey to the city
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The Second Crusade was announced by Pope Eugene III, and was the first of the crusades to be led by European kings. It went for 4 years.
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Saladin manages to unite the Muslim world and recapture Jerusalem, sparking the Third Crusade. After 3 years, it turned out to be largely successful, yet fell short of its ultimate goal—the reconquest of Jerusalem.
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The Magna Carta is signed, which was an important step in saying that the King could not put himself above the law. King John was forced to sign this document by a group of rebelling barons, but he refused. They went to war, and John died during battle.
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The Knights of the Templar are rounded up and murdered by Philip the Fair of France, with the backing of the Pope. Philip was jealous of the Templars' wealth and power, and the enormous debt he owed them at the time, so he sought to seize their financial resources for himself.
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The Great Famine begins, starting with bad weather in spring 1315, then universal crop failures lasted through 1316 until the summer of 1317. This period was marked by extreme levels of crime, disease, mass death and even cannibalism and infanticide.
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This is the start of England and France's struggle for dominance of Western Europe. The war actually lasted 116 years but was punctuated by several periods of peace.
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The Black Death (or the Bubonic Plague) strikes, for the first of many times. It is predicted that it reduced the world's population from an estimated 450 million to between 350 and 375 million in 1400, making it one of the most devastating pandemics in human history.
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The Hundred Years' War ends, with the Battle of Castillon. The Battle of Castillon is generally considered the end of the Hundred Years' War as Henry VI's insanity and the Wars of the Roses left England in no position to wage war in France.
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The War of the Roses was a series of civil wars for the throne of England. It was fought between supporters of two rival branches of the Royal House of Plantagenet: the houses of Lancaster and York.
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The final victory went to Henry Tudor, the Earl of Richmond. He went on to rule England and Wales for 117 years.
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After Henry Tudor rose to capture the throne in battle, he became Henry VII. He then married Elizabeth of York, uniting the former warring factions under a new dynasty.
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The Vikings raid Lindisfarne, which is now considered to be the start of the Viking Period.
