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A land and sea effort by the Arabs of the Umayyad Caliphate to take the capital city of the Byzantine Empire, Constantinople. The Arabs failed to take back Constantinople and as a result the survival of the Byzantine empire was ensured. The siege halted the Muslim advance into Europe.
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Franks defeat Muslim forces at Poitiers in France; A decisive Christian victory and turning point in the struggle against Islam.
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King Harold II was killed in battle, shot in the eye with an arrow, last English king to die in battle. Decisive Norman Victory.
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The first Norman King of England. Launched the Norman conquest of England. He started feudalism: lords, vassals and fiefs
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The Inquisition was a medieval church court instituted to seek out and prosecute heretics.
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Character of William Rufus: Cruel, selfish, self-indulgent and unjust. William was the first to bring organized taxation to England by ordering the compilation of the Doomsday Book in 1086.
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Jerusalem is re-taken from the Muslims on the urging of Pope Urban II in 1135
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Succeeded his elder brother William II as King of England in 1100 and defeated his eldest brother, Robert Curthose, to become Duke of Normandy in 1106. The rest of Henry's reign was filled with judicial and financial reforms.
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Founded to protect Jerusalem and European pilgrims on their journey to the city.
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He was charming and courageous but he could neither control his friends nor subdue his enemies. He was a weak King
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The Second Crusade was started in response to the fall of the County of Edessa the previous year.
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First of the Angevin kings, was one of the most effective of all England's monarchs. He came to the throne amid the anarchy of Stephen's reign and promptly collared his errant barons. He refined Norman government and created a capable, self-standing bureaucracy.
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Henry chose Becket as his next Archbishop of Canterbury. The decision angered many leading churchmen. They pointed out that Becket had never been a priest, had a reputation as a cruel military commander and was very materialistic
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Saladin manages to unite the Muslim world and recapture Jerusalem, sparking the Third Crusade
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Eventually sacks Constantinople. But never went in to Jerusalem.
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We should already know about that
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He was the first child king in England
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Establishing a new form of government, limited regal authority
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He spent much of his reign reforming royal administration and common law.
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Starting with bad weather in spring 1315, universal crop failures lasted through 1316 until summer harvest in 1317. Did not recover till 1322
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His reign saw vital developments in legislation and government, in particular the evolution of the English parliament, as well as the ravages of the Black Death.
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England and France struggle for dominance of Western Europe.
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Bubonic Plague ravages Europe for the first of many times. An estimated 20% - 40% of the population is thought to have perished within the first year
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Religious malpractice and greed are a major theme that Chaucer shows.
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Allows Christianity to spread across Europe.
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Great King during Hundred Year war.
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He was considered peaceful and pious, not suited for the dynastic wars.
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England had control of parts of France.
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Charlemagne or Charles the Great, King of the Franks, Emperor of the Carolingian empire.The empire united most of Western Europe for the first time since the Roman Empire.
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King of the Franks after his father Charlemagne. Faced much internal conflict in Carolingian state; His reign led to the breakup of the Carolingian Empire because of invasions, internal disputes, migration, and viking raids.
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Viking siege of Paris- the capital of the kingdom of the West Franks at the time. It was a turning point in the fortunes of the Carolingian dynasty and the history of France.
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Greatest ruler of the Umayyad Arab Muslim dynasty of Spain.
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King of Germany. He is generally considered to be the founder and first king of the medieval German state.
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Otto the Great, founder of the Holy Roman Empire.
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chosen by French counts to be King of the Franks because they wanted a weak ruler.
