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William I Duke of Normandy invaded England and defeated the English line. He was then crowned King of England.
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King Edward the Confessor died and left no heirs to the throne. His death is often thought to be the date which marks the end of Saxon England.
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The first book to complie all the landownership in England. It was 413 pages originally written by one person and then reviewd by another. The book was written in short latin.
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The first crusade was the beginning of an on-going battle to free Jerusalem from Palestine. Various warriors of Europe were called upon to help free the "holy land" from Muslim control.
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It is a French epic poem about a hero Roland at the Battle of Roncesvaux Pass which was a fictional encounter between Christians and Arabs.
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Is a collection of Welsh stories;one of the earliest of Arthurian legends, This work voiced concerns of the time
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Geoffrey of Monmouth’s Historia Regum Britanniae (History of Kings in Britain) was a fictional history about Britain and was one the most popular works at the time.
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Léonin is born. He is a famous composer at Notre Dame known for composing a type of music called Ars Antiqua or “old art”. Ars Antiqua was a type of chant melody composed for multiple voices.
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Thomas Becket was the Archbishop of Canterbury and a close friend of King Henry II. Thomas Becket was murdered by knights of the king on the altar of his church. It was caused by an outrage by the king due to Becket not being willing to absolve with other bishops. After his death the knights were disgraced and the Canterbury Cathedral was made into a shrine which attracted over 4,000 pilgrims mourning the archbishops death.
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On a request of the pope, Henry II invaded Ireland to "clean up" the mess and lack of Christianity. Many think of it as being the fall of Ireland, when really the Irish built a shrine for Henry II and embraced the protection provided to them now by the English.
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The Magna Carta was signed by King John and was the founding document of English liberties. It showed that the king's powers could be restricted by a written grant.
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Accomplishments- He was the last great painter who worked in the Byzantine tradition but also a founder of the movement towards greater realism which culminated in the Renaissance
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By allowing commoners into British Parliament, they were further limiting the control of the King and providing for a better representation of the people.
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• Accomplishments-Architect, sculptor, and painter
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Thomas Aquinas writes Summa Theologica; based on Christian ideology which became the basis for the Roman Catholic church values.
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The end came after the death of Henry III and the warriors were foreced to return home to England.
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Guillaume de Machaut, a famous composer is born. He was known as a representative of the Ars Nova tradition. He wrote polyphonic music. He wrote a total of 42 ballads, 33 virelais, 21 rondeaux, 19 lais, 1 complainte, 1 chanson royale, 23 motets; most known of which is "Messe de Nostre Dame" and a hocket titled "David."
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He did alot of frescos in the upper part of the church
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Dante begins writing The Divine Comedy; themes within the work addressed social and political problems of the time.
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Noli me tangere is part of the story in the Bible of the Resurrection of Christ where Jesus appears before the weeping Mary Magdalene at his empty tomb. She reaches out to him but he does not allow her to touch him.
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In medieval examples the apostles are usually arranged around the table, even if this means having some of their backs to the viewer
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Written by Philippe de Vitry, who died Bishop of Meaux. Ars Compositionis de Motetis was a very famous motet and is also one of the oldest.
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Giovanni Boccaccio writes the Decameron; told the story of the Black Plague but not in the traditional Christian interpretation.
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The entire Bible is translated to English for the first time, making it more accessible to people and this spread Christian ideals.
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Dunstaple ComposerJohn Dunstaple is born. He is one of the leading English composers of his time. He wrote many famous motets and works such as Quam Pulchra Es.
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• Accomplishments- famous Italian sculptor
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Chaucer begins The Canterbury Tales; it is a story of traveling pilgrims. This was one of the first major literary works to be written in English over French which was widely spoken at the time.
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Accomplishments- an early Renaissance architect and artist. The architect of the Malatesta temple.
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Madonna- Was a raised type of art. It was a technique Donatello had invented and perfected.
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David- recorded as the centerpiece of the first courtyard in the Palazzo Medici during the wedding festivities of Lorenzo de' Medici and Clarice Orsini in 1469
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He was commissioned to transform this church
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Was the first building that Leon Battista Alberti designed and attempted to construct based on his architectural principals.
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Gutenberg prints first book with movable type. This made the production process easier and cheaper, became possible to distribute to more people which then increased the literacy rate; this then led to censorship by authority.
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Malory wrote The Legend of King Arthur, about King Arthur and Knights of the Round Table and how they searched for the Holy Grail. The story contained tales of chivalry and noble values, the War of the Roses was going on when he wrote this and these values were being disrupted from war.
