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Religious turmoil between the Persians (Iranians) and other divisions of religion sparked the tension that still today is a major cause for conflict in the Middle East. Religious turmoil in the region created a feeling of distrust amongst the differing ethnic groups in the region, a feeling fromwhich the region still hasn't fully recovered.
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224-600ce Sasanid Empire…intensified trade along silk road, silver work and silk fabrics,new crops from india and china like sugarcane, rice, citris trees, eggplants; main relifious belief was zorastrianism (one supreme diety, rewarded or punished in afterlife for actions, triumph of good over evil) (Taryn Pepping)
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People who objectified to the rigid hierarchy of classes and castes or the community’s demands on the individual could retreat to the forests; never very far from civilized areas, these wild places served as a refuge and symbolized freedom from societal constraints. Various forms of resistance to the secular and religious domination of the Brahmins arose. The most serious threat came from two new religions that emerged around this time: Jainism and Bhuddism.
Mahavira (540-468 BCE) was known to h -
700 b.c
First Greek settlements is what is now Libya however the Greeks have only a small amount of control in this region due to the rise of Carthage -
The Chavín Cult is established, and quickly diminishes Laura Klever
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1000BCE-600BCE Saharan trade happened south of the Sahara to the Mediterranean. The people used camal caravans to transport goods from place to place. Salt, gold, wheat, and olives were all traded along this route. Berbers were very important agents in trade. Annie DeVries
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Agricultural Revolution: with the introduction of agriculture and farming, women’s status went down because men became the primary source of food, although life expectancy went up. Europe mainly cultivated cereals and had pastorals and hunting as well. (Taryn Pepping)
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Some Indo-European groups pushed into the Ganges Plain with the aid of new technologies. Iron tools--harder than bronze and able to hold a sharper edge--allowed settlers to fell trees and work the newly cleared land with plows pulled by oxen, this increase in available farmland lead to an increase in population.
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(1000 BCE) Olmec Civilization began to develop in Mesoamerica. Also, in the area of San Lorenzo, the Olmecs created 17 stone statues of heads, which are predicted to be portraits of important rulers. The heads all range in size from 4.8 to 11 feet and weigh several tons.
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Defeated Shang in military conquest
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Used to explain why the Zhou dynasty took over, new leaders would take over when things started going wrong.
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Cimmerians invaded south Russia
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There religious txt was written it was called the Rig Veda.
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1200-900 b.c Phoenician traders colonize nearly all of North African coastline and set up many trading cities along it. The largest being Carthage in present day Tunsia that eventually became it’s own seperate state and grew to be one of the largest cities in North Africa.
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The major domestication of animals and maize (other grains but mainly maize) spread to the Caribbean around 1500 B.C.E. People in the Caribbean also started sharing ideas of agriculture. The Caribbean region received many of their agriculture ideas and production from Latin America. Cody Birely
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The beginnings of silk road with Central Asia and Europe are started, later know as the Eruaisan Silk Roads…trade begins between two countries/parts of world, and creates a dependence on each other for food/supplies. (Taryn Pepping)
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New groups of people--nomadic warriors speaking Indo-European languages migrated into Northwest India (new historical period with the dominance of Indo-European groups). Stories from the era depict a bitter rivalry and warfare between two groups of people: the Aryas, relatively light-skinned speakers of Indo-European languages, and the Dasas, dark-skinned speakers of Dravidian languages. The Aryas pushed the Dasas south into central and Southern India. This separation is still seen in the demogr
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Composed of many warlords
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The Mayan Empire begins Laura Klever
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Temples built in Southern Latin America Laura Klever
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Beginning of Hsia dynasty in China. this was chinas first dynasty
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Indus Valley civilization collapses, the cities are abandoned most likely because of ecological changes in the Indus Valley and along the coast (unpredictable shifts in the river's volume and path). This lead to a dissolution of central authority and consequently the end of organized irrigation efforts.
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LIke the rest of the world, Europe was mainly hunter-gatherer societies prior to civilization. A cave discovered in France shows paintings and had tools in it to further cement these ideas. (found in 1940) (Taryn Pepping)
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New tools and weaponry
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Mesopotamia trades with East Africa using the Indian Ocean. Ryan Scott
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Some Indo-European groups pushed into the Ganges Plain with the aid of new technologies. Iron tools--harder than bronze and able to hold a sharper edge--allowed settlers to fell trees and work the newly cleared land with plows pulled by oxen, this increase in available farmland lead to an increase in population.
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People who objectified to the rigid hierarchy of classes and castes or the community’s demands on the individual could retreat to the forests; never very far from civilized areas, these wild places served as a refuge and symbolized freedom from societal constraints. Various forms of resistance to the secular and religious domination of the Brahmins arose. The most serious threat came from two new religions that emerged around this time: Jainism and Bhuddism.
Mahavira (540-468 BCE) was known to h -
In 8000 BCE The process of plant cultivation is started by the early natives. Historians believe squash may have been once of the earliest crops grown in the Mesopotamian region.
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Development of the number system takes place during this time. The Mayans were the first to discover the concept of “zero” and positional value (such as decimal places). The first counting system was based off of 20; meaning they used numbers 1-19 before repeating, whereas most societies use a 1-9 based system.
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900 BCE The Zapotecas created large burial temples and ruling foretresses in the Oaxaca area.
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900 BCE This time period marks the establishment of La Ventana and San Lorenzo. Both cities were founded by the Olmecs, and grew into large areas of trade and cultural interaction.
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Trade between Northwest Asia and Northeast Africa occurs using subsaharan trade routes. Ryan Scott
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Cities displayed striking uniformity of planning and construction, high brick walls, streets arranged in rectangular grids, and other common features. Trade contacts existed with Mesopotamia, Sumer, and lands around the Persian Gulf. They possessed an undeciphered writing system containing more than 400 signs representing syllables and sounds.
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Egypt developed in the Middle East and was crucial in the development of the surrounding areas. Heiroglyphics developed as a form of writing and documentation. The pharoahs were authoritative and anti-secular. Mummification and preservation allowed for traditions to be understood by historians today.
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After Egypt develops and flourished, peoples of Africa begin to push East and look fo rmore resources and land. They migrated to the lower Middle East and interacted with people there. As a result, permanent settlements began to develop.
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for royalty, gods, and ancestors
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Hieroglyphics develop early in the Dynastic Period and is the first ofrm of writing in Ancient Egypt. It was developed between 3100 BCE-2575 BCE. Ryan Scott
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United by Namer in 3100 BCE. Ryan Scott
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The Neolithic Revolution created sedentary lifestyle. This allowed time for government and leaders to emerge. Gender roles also emerged. Male dominance begins to become more prevelant as women are no longer needed to hunt and gather fo rtheir families.
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The emergence of Mesopotamia is the first permanent settlement in the Middle East. It transferred lifestyle from one of nomadic tendencies to one of a settled people, taking advantage of new technologies and their geography to increase food production and consequently, the population of the Middle East.
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Civilization developed almost as early in South Asia as in Mesopotamia and Egypt and also originated on a fertile floodplain dependent on the water of the Indus River that created the agricultural surplus essential to urbanized society.
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Farming villages relied on domesticated animals and plants in 5500 BCE. Ryan Scott
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People living in the area of Algeria live a Hybrid Agricultural and hunter-gatherer lifestyle. This was typical of North African life during the time period.
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•The peoples of Central Africa during this time period were foragers that derived a bulk of their day-to-day nourishment from wild vegetable food. They only ate meat during feasts. There are still some tribes in Central Africa that do forage for food. Alex Karnish
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The people of Oceania were still hoarding (hunting and gathering food) while almost all other parts of the world turned to agriculture.
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Hunters hunted birds with a boomerang,they threw them at birds and led them into anet.
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Southern Africa becomes inhabited primarily by foragers around this point in time. Kevin Meyer
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Belief or worship in more than one god
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The Jamon culture started in Japan
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Agriculture development (maize) Laura Klever
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8000BCE-3500BCE West Africa believed in an afterlife and had a belief of polydaemonism (belief of many spirits). Annie DeVries
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8000BCE-3500BCE West African people traveled in small bands. The men had large leadership skills and the women were depended upon to gather food. The gender roles around this time in West Africa were relativly equal. Annie DeVries
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8000BCE This revolution led to a large change in the culture and everyday lives of many people. Reliable food supplies, human population, and gender differences all increased. There was now job specialization and settled people. Annie DeVries
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8000BCE-600CE Migratio led to the development of civilizations. Writing, labor systems, architecture, and long distance trade was all a result of migration. Annie DeVries
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First mummies are buried in Chinchorro Laura Klever
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Advances in agriculture allowed for more job specialization and created an dramatic increase in population. Civilization expanded as more resources were necessary and the environment began to change.
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The Neolithic revolution begins in the fertile crescent however it quickly spreads a. one very importent fact is that this time period North Africa was a breadbasket area with a temperate climate and while there were still large areas of desert it was still a highly fertile region however in this time period on farmers in North Africa practiced environmentally unsustainable farming techniques such as slash and burn farming and this led to erosion, deforestation and eventually desertification.
