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A widespread of species across Central Africa, such as homo sapians, band together with others to form nomadic groups.
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The Bantu-speaking people migrated from Western Africa to all throughout the rest of Africa (including Eastern Africa) due to war and famine in West Africa. They settled in Ethiopia and the Kush territories.
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A second group of people are believed to cross the Bering Straight and travel all the way to Chile in South America.- allison coe
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1000 BC The
nomadic fighters of the steppes, nimble on horseback and shooting arrows as they go, pioneer the techniques of cavalry warfare.
Culture, Enviroment, States
Kevin Knoer -
a central city in the Indus Valley. This city had high thick walls of brick, streets, drainpipes and a citadel in the center of the city. Urban centers like Harappa controlled surrounding farmlands.
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The Indus Valley civilization developed (like Mesopotamia and Egypt) by a great river. Indus Valley surrounded an area known as Punjab, which, when translated, means five waters. The close proximity provided a good place for settled faming and agricultural surplus. It is believed that natural disasters led to the abandonment of the Indus Valley and migration to another region. (8000-1900 BCE)
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King David captured Jerusalem, making it his capital.
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1000 B.C. Australia begins to use the more wide-spread stone tool kit. Cemetaries are built and tribal wars are common while each group looks for secure food resources.
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Silk Road trade route begins.
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The Olmecs developed technologies to exploit minerals such as quartz and jade. Many art styles were than influenced due to the vast amount of jade available.
Roni Storjohann -
The caste system was introduced in India, where classes were determined solely on hereditary placement. Emily Lane
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Bantu immigrants migrated to Central Africa.
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Samuel (religious leader) saw the need for a stronger central authority to lead israelites against the Philistine's; so he made Saul king.
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(1200 BCE) Th Cimmerians settle in the Ukraine
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Olmecs were the first true civilisation of South America and were the ancestors of the later cultures.
Roni Storjohann -
seal stones from the Indus Valley were discovered in the Tigris-Euphrates valley indicating that people from the Indus Valley may have participated in long-distance trade. They were skilled in using a potter’s wheel, working with metals and irrigation
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rock paintings have been found revealing ancient ancestors in the times of 1400-1500 BCE
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1500BCE, composite bow is used by soldiers fighting in chariots
States
Kevin Knoer -
Brahmins were priests of the Vedic religion whom taught the belief in reincarnation and karma. This solidified the authority of the varna-caste system because the message of karma was that you are where you are suppose to be.
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Named the Vedic Age because of the impact of the Vedas religious texts in Indian civilization. The Varna Caste system was developed at this time. There were four original classes: priests and scholars, warriors and officials, merchants and landowners, and lastly peasants and laborers. Later the lowest group, known as the untouchables emerged.
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The Vedas were written and followed as a religious practice in Southeast Asia. Emily Lane
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First thoughts on monotheism emerge.
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Early ceramics and fertility statues are in Valdivia on the northern coast of South America.-allison coe
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The Law Code of Hammurabi, a Babylonian law code, reflects social divisions. It identifies three classes- 1) free land-owning class (royals, high-ranking officers, etc.) 2) dependent farmers and artisans 3) slaves employed for domestic service. The lower orders received the most severe punishments. Slaves were made out of POW.
Jennah Davison -
Weapons and tools were made from wood and stone, pottery was made and traded with Latin American societies and in return got and learned how to plant crops such as maize, beans, ect. from Mesoamerican societies Mitchel Dierickx
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Multiple tribes emerged in the southwestern region including the Anasazi. They began to build taller structures which began to grow popular among newer societies Mitchel Dierickx
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The loss of big game makes it hard to find food. So the inhabitants switch to looking for small game in order to survive: like fish and small mammals.-allison coe
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Earliest evidence of people in the Lesser Antilles found in Antigua.
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In Mesopotamia, new land was opened to agriculture by building and maintaining irrigation networks: canals brought water from river to field, drainage ditches carried water back to river, partial dams raised water level of river, and dikes protected against floods.
Jennah Davison -
Many tribes began to cultivating yams and black eyed peas.
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Oral records and wall paintings were the main way of communication.
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Environment: Due to the desertification of the Sahara, around 3000 BC, many of the pastoral tribes in North Africa leave this area to go to the Egypt area, but some tribes, like the Tauregs adapted to their environment.
Cultures: The Taureg tribe develops an alphabet and starts to wear jewelry, while Kabyles around Algeria start to make pottery, all of these define their cultures and prove how developed North Africa was getting in this time period. -
States: Tribes in Libya seek to expand their territory and attack Egypt, and succeed.
Economic Systems: Carthage, in Tunisia becomes a major trading post in North Africa around 700 BCE.
Social Structures: The Taureg tribe sticks to a strict hereditary classes. -
Many scientists believe that humans evolved from East Africa
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In 8000 BCE there was evidence of the first inhabitants of South Africa, the Bantu people migrated to the region.
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The Chavin make significant developments in art, ceremics, and weavings.
-Miranda Hale -
Many Olmec cities were built in alignment with the stars. This demonstrates their strong beliefs in astronomical events.
Roni Storjohann -
BCE: Madagascar had a direct link to the Silk Road and actually supplied a lot of the silk roads rare silk to make a lot of money.
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La Venta became the most important and visited cultural centers for the Olmecs.
Roni Storjohann -
Solomon strengthened trade, brought wealth, and built the first temple in Jerusalem which now brought a more defined social hierarchy.
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Babylon was dreastically transformed by a cultural renaisasance. It was enlarged, rebuilt, and new technology and knowledge was introduced.
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The Bantu people settle along the Limpopo River Area the native language is Nguni
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Conquest gave some Mesopotamian city-states access to vital resources. Trade offered an alternative and long-distance commerce flourished.
Jennah Davison -
Forest people first arrived in Cenral Africa, which was led by an expedition that explored Southern Egypt.
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Hunter-gatherer civilizations began to adapt to climate changes and stocked up on fish and plants Mitchel Dierickx
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The llama and alpaca are domesticated in Latin America.
-Miranda Hale -
Silk Manufacture Begins
Economic Structure
Kevin Knoer -
Central Asian tribesmen tame, breed and ride horses. 3000BCE
Culture
Kevin Knoer -
At this time there was some migration from Guineas Sahel farmers. This was because they needed new land and better land to cultivate.
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The Indus Valley Civilization was one of the earliest urban civilizations and spread over 1,260,000 km², making it also the largest ancient civilization. Emily Lane
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As early as 3500 BCE, natives began to make mound complexes around the Mississippi River Valley for leaders burials, temples, and village areas Mitchel Dierickx
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By 3500 B.C. only the areas of Australia, New Guinea and the Solomon islands are settled.
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Copper is extracted by smelting
Cultures, Economic Structure
Kevin Knoer -
Cattle farming was introduced to West African tribes
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Ziggurats, a multistory, mud-brick, pyramid-shaped tower was built, yet scholars still wonder its function and symbolic meaning.
Jennah Davison -
Evidence of seagoing vessels that carried wood, metals, stone from foreign lands were exchanged with wool. cloth, barley, and vegetable oil. This trade helped boom the economy of Mesopotamia and other nearby countries such as Lebannon, Syria, Egypt, and Anatolia.
Jennah Davison -
New plants were being used such as yams, peas, and early forms of rice were grown, and pigs, oxen, and chickens were kept.
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Due to a warmer climate with more wild crops and animals available, Oceania retained hunting and gathering until after 5000 B.C.The agriculture in this area was based on taro, yams and bananas.
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The Mangoes begin to cultivate the land in the Southeast Asia region. Emily Lane
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Fossils, rocks, and ancient skeletal remains have been uncovered in the Rift Valley and the surrounding area.
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People emerged to the rivers such as the Nile, Niger, and Congo.
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Native populations in Latin America begin to use agricultural techniques, specifically the production of maize.
-Miranda Hale -
During this time, the people of Latin America started agriculture. This was mostly maize.-allison coe
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Between 6500 and 3500 BCE, the Agricultural Revolution eventually spread to all parts of Europe.
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Many scientists believe that humans evolved from East Africa
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8000 BCE-600 BCE: No records of human inhabitance of the Islands has been found during this time period.
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Hunter-gatherers in Southeast Asia began growing crops to supplement their food supply. Emily Lane
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Cave rocks paintings became known, and that was a way for communication to one another.
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Cave paintings, like these in Lascaux, France, were mostly drawn before 8000 BCE, but some date to the Neolithic Period. They were a form of communication and expression before writing was developed.
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Also known as "swidden agriculture", which was a type of crop rotaion practice in which some fields were kept fallow and new ones were cleared.
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Megaliths, or "big stones", such as Stonehenge in England, were prevalent in this period and often served some religious purpose.
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Long before John Deere, the people of Central Europe tilled the heavy, rich soil with ox-drawn plows and carts.
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Paleontologuists have found many fossils linking homo sapiens to have evolved from East Africa.
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