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The Greek education system emphasized music and poetry. The purpose of education was to develop citizens capable of actively participating in Greek society. Major instruments: the lyre and the aulos -
St. Odo of Cluny (878-942) presented a systematic use of letters to represent musical pitches. Guido d'Arezzo used the syllables from a familiar hymn to create a standard notation, which was the beginnings of the modern solfege system.
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Martin Luther posted his Ninety-five thesis. Luther was musical and advocated for the teaching and singing of instrumental music. -
Cortex brought a music teacher, Pedro de Gante, to Mexico to convert the Native people. He tauht them to read, write, and sing European music, copy Franco-Flemish polyphony manuscripts, and build violins and organs.
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He brought the music teacher Juan de Padilla
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The newly emerging middle class needed to be educated. John Amos Comenius of Bohemia wrote "The Great Didactic," in which he discussed the teaching of music.
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In 17th century Germany, elementary students learned music principals by rote and sang by ear. Prussian music education became the model for American schools in the early 19th century.
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in 1620 and 1630 -
The Bay Psalm Book. The first edition to contain music was the ninth edition in 1698. -
The colony passed laws requiring towns to have schools. The colony believed in Universal Education. Music was not included, but rather taught privately in singing schools.
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The French brought Christianity to Native people in North America through music
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Reverend John Tufts wrote and printed the first American textbook, called "An Introduction to The Singing of Psalm-Tunes), which helped to improve the terrible singing in New England congregations -
Reverend Thomas Walter published his book to help singers read standard notation. -
Billings was the best known of the Yankee composers. His most memorable composition, "Chester," became the battle song of Washington's Army during the Revolutionary War.
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Pestalozzi changed the way people viewed Elementary education. He believed education was the only means to elevate Swiss peasants in a feudal society. Dignity through education. His methods replaced discipline and traditional memorization to one based on love and understanding.
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William Penn held the charter to Pennsylvania, and gave the land to anyone who sought religious freedom. By 1776, more than 100,000 Anglicans, Catholics, Lutherans, Mennonites, Pietists, and Quakers lived there, bringing their European musical traditions.
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Violinist born in Germany. Founded the Theodore Thomas Orchestra and directed the Cincinnati May Festival
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Beginning with The Juvenile Psalmist and The Juvenile Lyre -
The teacher divided music instruction into three "departments" -- rhythm, pitch, and dynamics.
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William Channing Woodbridge delivered a speech to the the American Institute of Instruction called, "On Vocal Music as a Branch of Common Education" -
One of it's objectives was the introduction of "vocal music into schools"
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Mason published his "Manual of Instruction of the Boston Academy of Music, for Instruction in the Elements of Vocal Music on the System of Pestalozzi" which became the handbook of singing school teachers throughout the country.
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Mason and George Webb held a convention on teaching methods: psalmody harmony, voice culture, and discussions of problems. By 1836, the convention was ten days of lectures. The students unanimously approved ten resolutions. (The photo is George Webb) -
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Elam Ives Jr. established the Philadelphia Music Seminary. At this concert, he announced that he planned to establish a new musical Seminary in New York.
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Calvin E. Stowe presented a report which drew three conclusions: All men can learn to sing, vocal music is of benefit as a school subject, and teachers must be qualified/ -
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They played a major role in professionalizing teaching in the common schools. People who finished high school could go to normal schools to learn how to be teachers. -
It continued to attract skilled musical leaders.
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Horace Mann was the first president -
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In Wilmington, North Carolina
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First time there was state funding for music in schools rather than local funding. -
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Mason's "The Song Garden" was the first graded series, where students learned to read printed music before they sang songs. -
The three-volume series introduced music reading by placing notes above or around a single line.
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Published by the Ginn Brothers of Boston. It was a graded series of 7 books.
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The first American kindergarten connected with a public school system was established in St. Louis. The Kindergarten Songbook and Songs for Little Children contained music for those classes. -
The first permanent association of musicians in the United States.
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NTA, AAAE, and two other organizations merged. -
From 1880-1920, a huge influx of people from Eastern Europe came to America to escape poverty and political and religious persecution.
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Written by Hosea Holt and John Tufts. Focused on sight-signing. -
...on music instruction throughout the United States. The responses indicated that music instruction had increased since the 1886 survey.
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Formed at the meeting of the National Education Association -
Austin A. Harding became the director of the University of Illinois Bands, where he founded the Department of Bands
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Frances Elliot Clark described the use of victrolas in her music classroom to the Wisconsin Teachers Association -
...Recognized as a curricular subject in Cincinnati
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...and prepared four books in a series titled "Master Musicians"
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of a Program for Music Education." Five basic music activities (singing, rhythmics, listening, playing, and creating) were recommended for the elementary school.
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Willis P. Kent.
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Several issues of the Bulletin have been devoted to music education. -
Walter Damrosch introduced millions of children to classical music through a radio broadcast of the Mountain King, The Sorcerer's Apprentice, and The Flying Dutchman -
It included a singable version of the National Anthem. -
After the war, military band leaders became school music teachers, vaudeville musicians, and radio bands.
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...for the first six grades. Standards were agreed upon in 1921.
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Founded in 1920. Provided a forum for music educators to promote music for younger school children.
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...after Joseph Maddy's Richmond High School Orchestra performance at the 1922 MSNC meeting.
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The best-known method for teaching several instruments in one class. By Joseph Maddy and Thaddeus Giddings. -
Founded in 1924 to accredit all music degree programs. -
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The concert was the first exposure that most of the superintendents had had to excellent music performed by students. -
MSNC renamed to MENC
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William D. Revelli joined the University of Michigan faculty and established a Wind Instrument Department
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MENC adopted a new constitution and became a department of NEA
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Created to stop the exploitation of school performing groups for commercial purposes.
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In the 1950's.
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National School Band, Orchestra, and Choral Association merged and became the National Interscholastic Music Activities Commission.
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It's purpose was to discuss the problems of science education and recommend solutions. Federal Government was deeply involved in education in the 50's and 60's
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Funding for schools and music education specifically.
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Part of the Contemporary Music Project established by the Ford Foundation
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by Charles Leonhard and Robert House
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...which provided a clear picture of the status of the two disciplines
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Independent federal agency in the executive branch
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48 sponsored research projects in music including the Yale Seminar, the Juliard Repertory Project, and the Manhattanville Music Curriculum Program
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The project began to implement the recommendations of the Tanglewood Symposium. -
Founded in 1952. In 1970, it became the "sole agency" for teacher and administrator accreditation. -
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Formed at the 1978 MENC convention to serve music educators who share similar research interests. -
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At Nathan Hale School in Connecticut
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It's mission was to develop and monitor policy affecting education in the arts
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For adult music education. By 2006, there were 130 New Horizons organizations -
Edited by Richard Colwell, this handbook contained 55 chapters by scholars and researchers. -
The act was intended to level the field for all children, especially the underprivileged who were served by Title I. The arts were identified as core subjects.
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In 2007, MENC celebrated the centennial of its founding and sponsored a Centennial Congress in Orlando, Florida.
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The Housewright Symposium on the Future of Music Education
