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Theory of the Abstract Computing Machine
Alan Mathison Turning described an "abstract computing machine" having no bounds to its memory and uses a scanner to search is memory via symbols. While it is searching through the symbols, it continues to write more (Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. (2024, December 13). History of artificial intelligence (AI). Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/science/history-of-artificial-intelligence). -
"Artificial Intelligence"
While the potential of artificial intelligence was realized shortly following WWII, the term itself was first written at a conference in Dartmouth. Said to be where the journey to AI truly began (Yonck 2017, p. 37) -
Cross-cultural research
Paul Eckman conducted research across different parts of the world, both remote and not, to see if there was a more universal nature to any human emotions. Spoiler: there was between a number of emotions. The results of this research helped others understand how to help computers read human emotion. -
"Affective Computing"
Picard chose the term for her research, and accepted the 'help' of emotions to further the .... p. 47.
Because of Picard's research, we have technologies today, such as "Alexa", "Siri", and many more. -
"The Rise and fall of Clippy"
Microsoft's "Clippy" was largely unpopular with many computer users as it was not sensitve enough to recognize what assistance the user really needed. Microsoft can together with Picard's team in hopes of reviving Clippy, but it was still an annoyance ay large. Although Clippy was retired, the technology used by the mouse Picard and her team created was used later.... -
MindReader
This technology was first developed as a pair of glasses containing a webcam and LED lights.
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iCalm
This wristband tracked body temperature and heartrate to measure stress levels via traking any changes in the above two...
This technology allowed for furthering wearable technology, likely helping improve things for the smartwatch many years down the road by being used as a baseline product. p. 58 -
Affectiva Launch
Picard and el Kaliouby came together to do research on affective technology to further its development and soon after launched a company to market their research and products.
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The Q Sensor emerges
The Q sensor, created by Kaliouby and Picard, was sold to companies and used to further advance tracking physiologic data (sleep quality, heartrate, stress, etc). Many smart watches do this today, such as the Applewatch or a Garmin.
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Pepper
Softbank sold Pepper to the general public. Pepper used facial recognition technology...
The interest the general public had in Pepper led to furthering the development of social robots, whom could truly interact with us by having a ToM.
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Facial Recognition Software is more common
Facial recognition software became widely available in Samsung and Windows products in 2015 (NewYork Times). In early 2016, Apple purchased Emotient to use facial recognition (HOTM) and put it in iPhones beginning in 2017 (NewYork Times). This software is helpful in protecting our personal information. The New York Times. (2020, July 15). Facial recognition is everywhere. here’s what we can do about it. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/wirecutter/blog/how-facial-recognition-works/ -
An emotional GPS
Truly affective GPS technology will be able to sense what emotions the driver is experiencing while driving by taking into account their grip on the steering wheel, and their heartrate via the driver's fingers. Once certain stress markers are met, the GPS will tell the driver they are doing a good job, and remind them that the GPS can easily re-route. It will be more emotive, taking into account the final destination (i.e. job interview), providing emotional support as needed. -
Self-typing keyboards
Rather than text to speech, the computer connected to the keyboard will take into account your facial expressions, ... read your thoughts to know what you want to type, and the keyboard will do the work for you, including any necessary citations.