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This is where it all begins. Muhammad was born in Mecca to parents that were mercants. The life of Muhammad is now started and he will do amazing things in this life. (http://i135.photobucket.com/albums/q141/hotmommagossip/Nov%2009/prophetMuhammad.jpg)
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This is the time from when Muhammad was born to when he died. During this time, he did many great acheivements, one of which was the founding of Islam.
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Muhammad when through a time of loss at this stage in his life. At the age of six, both of his parents were dead and he was left orphaned. (http://www.socialappetizers.com/images/old-baghdad.jpg)
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At this time, the Islamic faith was in the infant stages of becoming a major religion. After just a couple years in Mecca, Muhammad only gained a few followers. He was afriad that the persecution of his followers was making people less attracted to become Islamic. Muhammad and his followers when to Medina or "city of the prophet," adn this journey is called Hegira. (http://images.fineartamerica.com/images-medium/the-camel-man-shagufta-mehdi.jpg)
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In 630, two years before his death, Muhammad made a symbolic visit to Ka'Ba where he made a sacred shrine of Islam and made the people destroy their idols of the traditional faith. (http://www.sayshmoorti.biz/images/religious/large/09.jpg)
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In this year, the first successor to Muhammad was his father-in-law. Abu Bakr was selected by some of Muhammad's closest followers to be caliph which translates as successor. Caliphs were temporal leaders of the ISlamic community and considered to be the religious leader or imam. (http://www.tourajdaryaee.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/darayee-syllabus-history-275a-image.jpg)
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This time period is very eventful. The Islamic people are now trying to spread their new religion into different parts of this world. At first in 636 they defeat the Byzantine Empire and in 640 they took control of Syria. At that time in 637, they defeated the Persians and by 650 the Sassanid Empire.
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At this time there were discrepencies on who the successor should be. After a few new Caliphs who were put in office were assassinated, Mu'awiya, the govenor of Syria and a rival of the newly assassinated Caliph, made it hereditary in his family called the Ummayids. (http://www.freedomsphoenix.com/Uploads/Graphics/338/10/338-1027220216-Middle_East_Oil_Painting.jpg)
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The overthrowing of the Umayyads was a revolt lead by a descendant of Muhammad's uncle, named Abu al'Abbas. Once he had victory over the Umayyads, he established the Abbasid dynasty. (http://image0-rubylane.s3.amazonaws.com/shops/regency/164.3L.jpg?79)
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A leader of the Seljuk Turks, a group of nomadic converts, threatened the Abbasid's control of the Caliphate and captured Baghdad. By doing that, they held the title of "holder of the power," sultan, and gained command over the empire. (http://timemarcheson.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/baghdad.jpg)
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The Turks were putting pressure on the Byzantine Empire in Egypt and the Byzantines challenged the Turks, losing the land and plunder that the Seljuk Turks had taken from them after they won. The Byzantines then looked ot the west for help which ws the start of the Crusades. (http://www.ufh.ac.za/departments/is/images/moneybag.jpg)
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Duiker and Spielvogel. The Essential World History. Wadsworth Cengage Learning. Unknown. Print
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There were still some rivals and some people did not like the Umayyads' being in control of the Caliphate. Hussein, Ali's second son, was a major rival to the Umayyads. He and his supporters rose against the Umayyads and they were defeated but their clan had later become know as the Shi'ites. (http://varvathos.com/ESSAY/events_arquivos/image089.jpg)
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Harun al-Rashid was a Caliph during the Golden Age of the Abbasid Rule. His name became Harun the "upright." His son al-Ma'mun was Caliph in 813 and established an observatory and a foundation for translating Classical Greek words. (http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/Chich%C3%A9n_Itz%C3%A1_Mayan_observatory.jpg)
