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400 BCE
Indivisible Atoms
Democritus theorized the existence of indivisible atoms. he believed to be indivisible particles that make up all matter; the word "atom" itself comes from the Greek "atomos" meaning "indivisible". -
300 BCE
Elements of Nature
Arisotle believed that empty space could not exist in the elements of nature. He argued against the idea of a vacuum, believing that all space was filled with matter and that a void was impossible -
Electric Battery
Invention of the electric battery by Alessandro Volta. Consisted of alternating discs of copper and zinc separated by brine-soaked cloth, marking the first practical and continuous source of electric current; his invention is considered a pivotal moment in the development of electricity study -
Solid Sphere Model
John Dalton created the Solid Sphere model. Described atoms as tiny, indivisible, solid spheres that could not be broken down further, essentially picturing them like billiard balls -
Cathode Ray Tube Experiment
The Cathode Ray Tube was invented by Karl Ferdinand Braun. Often referred to as the "Braun tube" due to his name. -
Plum Pudding Model
The Plum Pudding Model of the atom was created by J.J. Thomson. This followed the discovery of the electron in 1897. Depicts the atom as a sphere of positive charge with negatively charged electrons embedded within it, similar to how raisins are embedded in a plum pudding, and this concept was formulated following his experimental confirmation of the electron's existence -
Theory of Relativity
Einstein discovered the Thoery of Relativity. Includes both the Special Theory of Relativity and the General Theory of Relativity; he published the Special Theory of Relativity in 1905 and the General Theory of Relativity in 1915. -
Gold Foil Experiment
The Gold Foil Experiment was conducted by Ernest Rutherford. This experiment led to the discovery of the atomic nucleus by firing alpha particles at a thin sheet of gold foil and observing their scattering patterns. -
Nuclear Model
Rutherford created the nuclear model of an atom. Which describes an atom as having a small, dense, positively charged nucleus at its center, surrounded by electrons orbiting around it. -
Planetary Model
Niels Bohr created the Planetary Model of the atom. Also known as the Bohr model, which describes electrons orbiting the nucleus in fixed energy levels, similar to planets orbiting the sun. -
Quantum Model
Heisenburg Schrodinger suggest that electrons surrond the nucleus in regions. Schrodinger also created the Quantum Model. It was primarily Schrödinger who developed the "quantum model" which describes electrons as occupying regions around the nucleus, often visualized as an "electron cloud," due to the probabilistic nature of their location based on his wave function calculations -
Tau Neutrino
A significant discovery based on atomic theory was the first direct evidence for the tau neutrino, considered the third type of neutrino in particle physics, announced by scientists at Fermilab; this finding further solidified our understanding of subatomic particles and their interactions within the atomic structure.