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France declares war on Prussia (Franco-Prussian War)
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Battle of Sedan – Napoleon III captured, leading to France’s defeat.
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France surrenders
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Period: to
Paris Commune
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Establishment of the Third Republic
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Period: to
Third Republic's constitutional laws
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Crisis of 16 May
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Jules Grévy becomes President,
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Modernization of French Army
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Period: to
Germany strengthens its position in Europe
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Formation of the Ligue des Patriotes
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Death of the Count of Chambord
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Boulanger (Minister of War)
Improves soldiers’ conditions (better food, equipment). Increases military recruitment and strengthens border defenses. Introduces national conscription laws, boosting nationalism. -
Expels the Orléans royal family from France