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Montgomery Bus Boycott
Sparked by Rosa Parks arrest; led to a Supreme Court ruling against the segregation. impact: Showed the power of peace protest. -
Brown v.Board od Education
Supreme court ruled segregation in public schools unconstitutional.
impact:led to desegregation efforts but faced strong resistance, like in Little Rock (1957) -
The Civil Rights Act of 1964
Outlawed: discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex or national origin. Impact: Paved the way for future anti discrimination laws. -
The Voting Rights Act of 1965
Eliminated literacy tests and other barriers to voting for African Americans.
Impact: Increased Black voter registration and participation. -
Fair housing Act of 1968
Published social discrimination in housing sales and rentals.
Impact: helped combat housing segregation. -
The Rise of Affirmative Action (1970s-Present)
Policies implemented to promote diversity in education and employment.
Impact: Increased access to higher education and jobs for African Americans. -
Economic and Education Gains (1980s-Present)
Increased college enrollment among African Americans.
Impact: Higher employment rate and more Black owned businesses. -
Election of African American Leaders
Example: Barack Obama became the first Black U.S president in 2008.
Impact: Greater representation in politics. -
Black Lives Matter Movement (2013-Present)
Movement against police brutality and systemic racism.
Impact: Raised national awareness and led to police reform discussions. -
Criminal Justice Reform (2010s-Present)
Efforts to address mass incarceration, including the First Step Act (2018)
Impact: Reduction in prison sentences for non-violent offenders.