Composers

By Zzichen
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    Gluck（1714-1787）

    Gluck is considered one of the most important composers of Classicism. He simplified plots and made music serve the drama, especially in works like Orfeo ed Euridice. His reforms influenced many composers after him.
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    J. Haydn (1732–1809)

    Haydn was an Austrian composer known as the “Father of the Symphony” and the “Father of the String Quartet.” He helped shape Classical music, and his works greatly influenced many later composers.
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    Nannerl Mozart (1751–1829)

    Nannerl Mozart was a talented musician and the sister of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. She toured with her brother as a child prodigy and was admired in her time. However, due to the restrictions on women in her era, she had to give up her musical career. Though she continued to compose, few of her works have survived.
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    Mozart (1756–1791)

    Mozart was a genius Austrian composer who wrote over 600 works. He started composing at age five and toured Europe as a child prodigy. His famous pieces include The Magic Flute, Don Giovanni, and Eine kleine Nachtmusik. He died young, but his music is still loved all over the world.
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    Maria Theresia von Paradis (1759–1824)

    Maria Theresia von Paradis was a distinguished Austrian pianist, singer, and composer who lost her sight at an early age. She was also dedicated to music education, founding schools for the blind and for music.
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    Beethoven (1770–1827)

    Beethoven was a great German composer whose music bridges the Classical and Romantic styles. He composed powerful works like the Ninth Symphony and Moonlight Sonata. Even as his hearing declined, he continued to compose masterpieces.
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    Gioachino Rossini (1792–1868)

    Rossini was an Italian composer best known for his operas, especially The Barber of Seville. Unfortunately, he stopped composing at the age of 37, when he was at the peak of his fame.
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    Schubert (1797–1828)

    Schubert was an Austrian compose rof the late Classical and early Romantic eras.He wrote over 600 works, including Ave Maria and Erlkönig. He died young but left a lasting legacy.
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    Hector Berlioz (1803–1869)

    Hector Berlioz was a French Romantic composer and conductor. He is famous for orchestral works like Symphonie fantastique and Harold in Italy. He also composed choral pieces such as Requiem and L’Enfance du Christ, and three operas: Benvenuto Cellini, Les Troyens, and Béatrice et Bénédict.
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    Felix Mendelssohn (1809–1847)

    Mendelssohn was a German composer and pianist of the Romantic era. His famous works include A Midsummer Night’s Dream and the piano solo pieces Songs Without Words. In 1843, he founded the Leipzig Conservatory.
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    Robert Schumann (1810–1856)

    Robert Schumann was a German composer, pianist, and influential music critic of the early Romantic era. He was also a devoted admirer of Romantic literature.
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    Chopin (1810–1849)

    Frédéric Chopin was a Polish composer and pianist of the Romantic era.He wrote mainly for solo piano.His famous works include the “Nocturnes,” “Polonaises,” “Waltzes,” and “Ballades.”Even today, his works are widely performed and deeply loved by audiences around the world.
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    Franz Liszt (1811–1886)

    Liszt was a Hungarian composer and pianist of the Romantic era. His diverse works span over 60 years, making him one of the most prolific and influential composers of his time. His original piano compositions, such as the Hungarian Rhapsodies and Piano Sonata in B minor, remain widely performed and highly popular today.
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    Verdi (1813–1901)

    Verdi was an Italian opera composer whose works are full of drama and strong characters. He wrote masterpieces like La Traviata and Aida and they remain among the most popular in the repertory. . His music became a symbol of Italian pride.
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    Wagner (1813–1883)

    Richard Wagner was a German composer, theatre director, essayist, and conductor who is best known for his operas.
    He created long operas like The Ring Cycle.
    His ideas had a great influence on the development of opera, though his personal views were often controversial.
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    Clara Schumann(1819-1896)

    Clara Wieck, (became Clara Schumann after marrying composer Robert Schumann)was a German pianist and composer of the Romantic era.She composed piano music and chamber works, and performed across Europe.Today, she is recognized as a pioneering female musician and a major artist of her time.
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    Bedřich Smetana (1824–1884)

    Smetana was a Czech composer regarded as the father of Czech national music. His symphonic tone poem The Moldau evokes his homeland’s landscapes, setting a model for nationalist composers.
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    Johannes Brahms (1833–1897)

    Johannes Brahms was a German composer, pianist, and conductor of the mid-Romantic period. His music is known for its strong rhythms and creative use of dissonance. His Lullaby is still popular today.
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    Modest Mussorgsky (1839–1881)

    Modest Mussorgsky (1839–1881)
    Mussorgsky was a Russian composer and a member of “The Mighty Handful.” He drew inspiration from Russian history and folk tales, and broke away from Western musical traditions. His famous works include Pictures at an Exhibition and the opera Boris Godunov.
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    Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (1840–1893)

    Tchaikovsky was a Russian Romantic composer known for ballet and orchestral works. His famous works—Swan Lake, The Nutcracker, and the 1812 Overture—blend Russian folk elements with Western symphonic tradition, achieving global acclaim.
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    Antonín Dvořák (1841–1904)

    Dvořák was a Czech Romantic composer who integrated folk melodies into classical forms. His New World Symphony, written in America, achieved worldwide success
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    Edvard Grieg (1843–1907)

    Grieg was a Norwegian Romantic composer w. He used Norwegian folk music in his compositions. His Peer Gynt Suite (Morning Mood, In the Hall of the Mountain King) remains among his most popular works.
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    Nikolai Rimsky‑Korsakov (1844–1908)

    Rimsky‑Korsakov was a Russian composer. Member of “The Mighty Handful,” he wrote vivid tone poems like Scheherazade and taught orchestration to generations of composers, shaping Russian music.
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    Giacomo Puccini (1858–1924)

    Giacomo Puccini was an Italian composer best known for his operas. He is regarded as the greatest and most successful Italian opera composer after Verdi. His most famous works include La bohème (1896), Tosca (1900), and Madama Butterfly, which are still performed in theaters worldwide today.
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    Gustav Mahler (1860–1911)

    Mahler was an important late-Romantic Austrian composer and conductor. His music connects Romanticism with modern music. He is considered one of the most significant composers bridging the late Romantic and early modern periods.
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    Claude Debussy (1862–1918)

    Debussy was a French Impressionist composer. He was one of the most influential composers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and his music had a lasting impact on later generations of composers.
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    Jean Sibelius (1865–1957)

    Sibelius was a Finnish composer whose symphonies and tone poems, including Finlandia, became symbols of Finnish national consciousness. He is widely regarded as Finland’s greatest composer.
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    Arnold Schönberg (1874–1951)

    Schönberg was an Austrian composer and leader of musical modernism. He pioneered atonality and developed the twelve-tone technique, profoundly influencing subsequent 20th‑century music.
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    Maurice Ravel (1875–1937)

    Ravel was a French composer whose style incorporated elements of modernism, Baroque, and neoclassicism, and later jazz influences. In the 1920s and 1930s, Ravel was internationally recognized as the greatest living French composer.
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    Manuel de Falla (1876–1946)

    Manuel de Falla was a Spanish composer who incorporated flamenco elements into his music. Nights in the Gardens of Spain and El amor brujo are among his most famous works.
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    Béla Bartók (1881–1945)

    Bartók was a Hungarian composer and ethnomusicologist, considered one of the founders of comparative musicology. Among his notable works are the opera Bluebeard’s Castle, the ballet The Miraculous Mandarin, and the Concerto for Orchestra.
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    Igor Stravinsky (1882–1971)

    Stravinsky was a Russian-born composer and one of the most influential figures in 20th-century music. His famous works include The Firebird and The Rite of Spring. He explored different styles throughout his life, including Russian folk, neoclassicism, and serialism.
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    Zoltán Kodály (1882–1967)

    Kodály was a Hungarian composer and influential music educator. His compositions, along with his pedagogical method, have had lasting impact worldwide.
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    Joaquín Turina (1882–1949)

    Joaquín Turina was a Spanish composer.His music influenced by Andalusian folk music. His notable works include Danzas fantásticas, Sinfonía sevillana, and La oración del torero.
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    Heitor Villa‑Lobos (1887–1959)

    Villa‑Lobos was a Brazilian composer, has globally become one of the most recognizable South American composers in music history..His music was influenced by both Brazilian folk music and stylistic elements from the European classical tradition.
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    George Gershwin (1898–1937)

    Gershwin was an American composer and pianist whose compositions blended jazz, popular, and classical music. His most famous works, Rhapsody in Blue and the opera Porgy and Bess, remain widely performed today.
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    Olivier Messiaen (1908–1992)

    Messiaen was a French composerHis Quartet for the End of Time, written during WWII, is one of his most famous pieces.
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    Pierre Schaeffer (1910–1995)

    Pierre Schaeffer was a French composer who recorded and manipulated sounds from nature and everyday life to create music that did not rely on traditional instruments. Schaeffer’s work laid the foundation for the development of modern electronic and experimental music and had a profound influence on later artists.
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    John Cage (1912–1992)

    John Cage was an American composer and avant-garde artist. His most famous work is 4′33″, where performers remain silent, allowing ambient sounds to become the music.
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    Pierre Henry（1927–2017）

    Pierre Henry was a French composer who, together with Pierre Schaeffer, co-created Symphony for One Man Alone. This work is one of the pioneering pieces of musique concrète and was the first to incorporate sounds of the human body into musical composition.

  • Philip Glass

    Philip Glass is an American composer and pianist, widely recognized as a leading figure in 20th-century minimalism.His major works include operas like Einstein on the Beach and Satyagraha, as well as film scores such as The Hours and Kundun.