-
Period: 10,000 BCE to 1534
Amerindian Lifestyle
Before the arrival of the French Europeans to North America, the Amerindians developed a lifestyle adapted to the conditions of the environment around them. They had close ties to nature and lived in harmony with it. -
Divine right of Kings
The king of France held absolute power by divine right. This belief that his authority came from God. It gave him unrestricted power over his realm, his colonies and his subjects -
College des Jesuites
Only wealthy boys were able to attend this secondary education that the church was responsible for. Very few Canadians completed this education. -
Catholicism in New France
His Grace Francois of Laval was sent to New France by the Pope to direct the Canadian church. He was the first bishop of the colony. -
Grand Seminaire
Founded by Bishop Laval, in Quebec, which trained future priests, who then were able to establish parishes in New France. -
The Montreal Gazette
Fleury Mesplet, Montreal's first printer founded this bilingual newspaper which discussed the liberal ideas of the time and criticized the bishops and the Catholic clergy and also demanded a Legislative Assembly. -
McGill University
One of the two universities created under the British regime in response to the growing need for higher education and to industrial development. -
Period: to
Cure Antoine Labelle
Originally a parish priest near the American border, he promoted development and colonization of the Laurentians. -
Period: to
Patriotes' Rebellions
Not all French Canadians believed in imperialist sentiments and worried about the preservation of French culture and identity. -
Union Act
Governor, Lord Durham, recommended in his report to the King of England that French Canadians should be assimilated. Great Britain confirmed its desire to assimilate by passing the Act of Union. -
Bill on Public Education
Even though the Church was still responsible for instruction and educational programs, The government created public education through the creation of school boards. This dramatically increased attendance in school. -
Period: to
Anticlerical Movement
The Parti Rouge became the church's primary adversary during these years.This political party believed that the church was responsible for keeping people in a state of ignorance. Newspapers were used to spread their ideas. -
Period: to
Ultramontanism
This is about the church's power over the state. The church, using the authority of Rome, promoted religious practice and wanted the domains of education, healthcare and social work to remain exclusively under the control of the church. -
Universite Laval in Quebec
Catholic clergy was worried about French Canadian morals be compromised studying at an English university, so they created a French university with the influence of the Catholic Church. -
Infalible Pope
The Church of Rome reinforced the power of the Pope and proclaimed him incapable of error. -
Period: to
Industrialization
The working world was transformed and the urban population grew to be larger than the rural population. -
Period: to
French Canadian Nationalism
This ideology is based on the glorification of maintaining traditions, the French language and culture and social and political stability. -
Period: to
Feminist Movement
Canadian women wanted political rights, equal access to education, equality before the law and respect for their integrity. -
Period: to
The Great Depression
This economic crisis created poor living conditions. The government implemented measures that are still in place today. Examples: unemployment insurance, family allowance and old age pensions. -
Marie-Victorin
Members of the clergy, like Marie-Victorin, suggested a more scientific approach to education. -
Period: to
CKAC Radio Station
Broadcast religious history and Christian culture and art. The church continued to prohibit the reading of certain books and the church made use of this brand new media to spread its message. -
Period: to
Second World War
It ended the Great Depression and transformed roles in society, especially for women as they were needed in factories to support the war effort and it created an economic and population boom when it ended -
Period: to
Secularization Movement
After World War 2, the power of the Church was strongly contested.Supporters of liberalism wanted the Church's withdrawal from education and hospital care and denounced the Church's opposition to freedom of thought. -
Period: to
Aboriginalism
First Nations people need to define and affirm their identity. Their past and traditions express their own nationalism and culture. -
Ministry of Education of Quebec
The secularization of education in Quebec happened when elementary and secondary schools were handled by the government. The state put funding into place, and made it mandatory for teachers to have University training. -
Caisses Populaires Desjardins
A grass-roots movement created by the Catholic Farmers Union and the Farm Producers Union on cooperatism, was the early beginning of a very successful financial institution.
