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44 bc Began the transformation of the Roman Republic in to an Empire.
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St.Paul was a Jewish convert. The Lord talked to Saul on the road to Damascus and changed his name to Paul. He is also known as Saul from Tarsus. Paul also wrote many letters for example Letter to Ephesians AD 60-62. Before he converted he would persecute early Christians and he became a zealous preacher.
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c. 14 He inaugurated the Pax Romana.
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The Apostles are very important part in the Church history. One of the main reasons why the Apostles are very important is because the church is built upon the foundation of the Apostles. The Apostles were chosen by Jesus to be his witnesses. And to associate with him and his ministry.
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Peter was sent to Jerusalem and Rome. Paul was sent to Ephesus, Galatia, Corinth, Philippi, Antioch, Syria, Cesarea, Cyprus, and Malta. Andrew was sent to Turkey, Greece, and Russia. Thomas was sent to India and Persia. Matthew was sent to Ethiopia. Philip was sent to Cathage and Turkey. Bartholomew was sent to Turkey, India, and Armenia. John was sent to Patmos and Ephesus.
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Pentecost is the birthday of the Church. and Jesus promised his disciples that his Spirit would come upon them and guide them.
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The Church is the people of the New Covenant. These are the people who believe that Jesus is Christ, the Son of God who rose from the dead. And they have received the Holy Spirit.
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Gentiles did not need to be circumcised. Jews and Christians worshiped together. We read the Old Testament through the perspective of the New Testament.
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Jerusalem was sacked and destroyed by invading army. The Temple and its sacrifices ended.
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In the Fall of Jerusalem the Temple of the Jews was destroyed by the Babylonians under the rule of Nebuzaradan. The Temple was completely destroyed not one stone was on top of another. The Jews were exiled and moved to ghettos. Jerusalem is considered the Holy City by christians, Jews, and Muslims.
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The Close of the Apostolic Age is about the Church after the death of they apostles.
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c.100-165 He was the first apologist and he defended the church. 1st Apology (atheism)
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c.120-180 As an Apologist he talks about political related subjects; Address to the Greeks, Ch XI (political)
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c. 185 Theophilus talks about philosophy; Letter Ch.5 (philosophy)
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c. 2nd century As an apologist he talks about false gods.
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There were lots of writings about Jesus Christ and his works. They were read in the communities that the Apostles founded. The Church had to determine which conveyed the true writings and the false writings of Jesus. It took two centuries to approve a definitive list.
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c.235-284 The rulers were killed and famine, plagues, and persecution.
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Christians would be prosecuted for because of their faith. They would be forced to worship the king or idols. They would have to do one of these acts: sacrificati, thurificati, libellatici, acta facientes, traditores. The Christians would also hide in catacombs.
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c. 306-337 He united the empire and founded New Rome (Constantinople)
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Constantine made the Christian religion legal in Rome. Before he made Christianity legal they were persecuted. Constantine's mother was a Christian. That is why he made it legal. His mother Empress Helena was very interested in the religion. She found places were Jesus has been.
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St. Augustine is very famous for his writings. He became Christian with the help of his mother and St Ambrose. St. Agustine also became Bishop of Hippo. Some of his writings are On Free Will, 388; On True Religion, 389; Confessions, 398.
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c. 379-395 He was the last ruler of a combined Empire.
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The Council of Constantinople was the second ecumenical Council of the Church. It was summoned by Theodosius to confirm the teachings of Nicaea.
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On Free Will,388
On True Religion,389
On The Usefulness of Believing,391
Confessions,398
On the True Nature of the Good,399
On the Good of Marriage,401
On Holy Virginity,401
City of God,412-427
On Grace and Free Choice,426 -
c.401-455 The Visigoths, The Vandals, and The Huns were germanic tribes invading Rome. They were one of the reasons why the Roman Empire was falling apart.
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The Council of Ephesus took place in Asia Minor- Turkey. Ephesus is were St. John died. In the Council of Ephesus they discussed about Jesus' two natures, his human and divine natures. They also conformed the use of Theotokus which means God-bearer.
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In the Council of Chalcedon they talked about Jesus' two natures. His human nature and his divine nature. Jesus was both because he did human things like sleep, eat, and had emotions. But he also had divinity on Him like when He performed miracles and changed the weather.
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476 The Roman Empire one of the biggest empires on the world collapsed. A century of political rivalries, usurpations, invasions, and military defeat lead to the Roman Empire to collapse.
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c. 476-1300 It is known as the Dark Times. It took place after the Fall of the Roman Empire. The Dark Ages was time of intellectual darkness, economic, and artistic deterioration.
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c.483 It is the first election to take place without the influence of a Roman Emperor.
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c.540-640 Gregory the Great is the first monk to become the Bishop of Rome. He asserted the authority of the Bishop of Rome over the entire Western Church. He also sent many missionaries to England. Defended Rome from an attack by the Lombards.
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Iconoclasm was a serious problem. People would start to worship icons. Instead of worshipping Jesus they would worship pictures of Him and other saints. It was a 120 year battle fighting the people who saw the images as idols. But there were also people who only venerated the images.
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The Dominicans and the Franciscans are part of the Mendicant Orders. They were witnesses and teachers. The Mendicant Orders grew along with the growth of philosophy and theological speculation.
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