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Lena’s parents responded consistently when she cried, held her often, and provided warmth, food, and comfort. By the time she turned one, Lena would smile and reach out to her caregivers, showing signs of secure attachment.
In this stage, infants learn whether or not they can trust the world to meet their needs. If caregivers are reliable and affectionate, the child develops trust. If caregivers are neglectful or inconsistent, the child may develop mistrust of people and the world around them. -
In second grade, Lena was chosen to lead her class’s science fair project. She worked hard and presented her group’s findings with confidence. Her teacher praised her dedication, and Lena felt proud of her accomplishments.
This stage centers on a child’s ability to develop industry—the sense of being capable and competent. When children feel encouraged and praised, it builds confidence. When criticized or feel like they don’t measure up, they may feel inadequate compared to peers, inferior. -
Lena started her freshman year of college uncertain about what career path to take. Over time, with experience she discovered a passion for environmental science. By the end of the year, she declared her major and felt confident in her direction.
During adolescence, individuals explore who they are and want to become. If successful, they form a clear identity with values and a sense of self. If not, they may struggle with role confusion, feeling lost or unsure about their place in the world.