History of the English Language

  • Period: 450 to 1150

    Old English

    The period of Old English begins
  • 597

    Conversion of England

    The arrival of St. Augustine in 597 and the subsequent conversion of England to Latin Christianity
  • 793

    The Northumbrian

    In the 8th century, the Northumbrian speech group led in literature and culture, but that leadership was destroyed by the Viking invaders, who sacked Lindisfarne, an island near the Northumbrian mainland, in 793.
  • Period: Jan 1, 801 to Dec 31, 887

    Wessex

    In the 9th century, as a result of the Norwegian invasions, cultural leadership passed from Northumbria to Wessex.
  • 865

    Vikings

    They landed in strength in 865.
  • Period: 870 to 900

    King Alfred´s

    During King Alfred’s reign, in the last three decades of the 9th century, Winchester became the chief centre of learning.
  • Period: 1150 to 1500

    Middle English

    The period of Middle English begins
  • Period: 1154 to 1189

    Empire of Henry II

    The extension south to the Pyrenees of the Angevin empire of Henry II
  • Period: Jan 1, 1201 to Dec 31, 1300

    Changes

    nāme, mēte, nōse, wēke, and dōre in the 13th and 14th centuries.
  • 1204

    King Jhon

    King John lost Normandy in 1204.
  • 1362

    Statue of Pleading

    He was in his early 20s when the Statute of Pleading was passed
  • 1400

    Death of Chaucer

    The death of Chaucer at the close of the century marked the beginning of the period of transition from Middle English to the Early Modern English stage.
  • Period: 1500 to

    Modern English

    The period of Modern English begins
  • 1525

    Translation

    Lord Berners completed his translation of Jean Froissart’s Chronicle, and William Tyndale translated the New Testament.
  • 1550

    Shakespeare

    Throughout his career, Shakespeare invented thousands of words. He combined or distorted Latin, French, and other roots to create new words. These words were familiar enough to the audience that, with contextual clues, they could understand their meaning
  • Francias Bacon

    Francis Bacon published De dignitate et augmentis scientiarum (On the Dignity and Advancement of Learning, an expansion of his earlier Advancement of Learning) in Latin
  • Return Monarchy

    The return of the monarchy (celebrated in John Dryden’s poem Astraea Redux) in 1660.
  • Southern English

    The vowel had disappeared after a vowel in the syllabic coda in Southern English.