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Spinning Jenny
Spinning Jenny speeded up the spinning process and reduced labor demand. By turning one single wheel a worker could set in motion a number of spindles and spin several threads at the same time. James Hargreaves created it about 1767 and patented it in 1770. -
Richard Arkwright
Sir Richard Arkwright was an English inventor and a leading entrepreneur during the early Industrial Revolution. He made a invention called the spinning machine, which made cotton yarn produce faster. -
Thomas Malthus
Thomas Robert Malthus was an English economist, cleric, and scholar influential in the fields of political economy and demography. He was best known for his theory his theory that population growth will always tend to outrun the food supply. -
Socialism
Socialists believe that sharing ownership of the means of production equally among society would increase people's quality of life. Socialists want to give people free access to basic life necessities like food, housing, and healthcare. Some socialists also believe employment should be guaranteed as a human right. -
Cotton Gin
The cotton gin is a machine that quickly and easily separates cotton fibers from their seeds, enabling much greater productivity than manual cotton separation. The separated seeds may be used to grow more cotton or to produce cottonseed oil. It was made by the inventor Eli Whitney. -
Charles Darwin
Charles Darwin was an English naturalist, geologist, and biologist, widely known for his contributions to evolutionary biology. His proposition that all species of life have descended from a common ancestor is now generally accepted and considered a fundamental scientific concept. -
Henry Bessemer
He was an English inventor whose steel making process would become the most important technique for making steel in the nineteenth century for almost one hundred years. -
Dynamo
In the early 1830s, Michael Faraday performed his experimental research on electromagnetic induction. He created the first electric dynamo, a machine for continuously converting rotational mechanical energy into electrical energy. -
Thomas Edison
He was an American inventor and businessman. He developed many devices in fields such as electric power generation, mass communication, sound recording, and motion pictures. -
Social Democracy
Social democracy is a political ideology within socialism. The ideology is named for democracy where people have a say in government actions and it works to introduce socialism while also helping people in need by providing healthcare, education and social welfare. -
Social Gospel
The Social Gospel is a social movement within Protestantism that aims to apply Christian ethics to social problems. The social gospel emphasized how Jesus' ethical teachings could remedy the problems caused by “Gilded Age” capitalism. -
Social Darwinism
Social Darwinists held that the life of humans in society was a struggle for existence ruled by “survival of the fittest,” a phrase proposed by the British philosopher and scientist Herbert Spencer. -
Automobile
Benz built his first automobile, the Benz Patent Motorcar, in 1885 in Mannheim. It is considered the first modern car, a practical, marketable automobile for everyday use, and the first in series production. -
Communism
In a Communist system, individual people do not own land, factories, or machinery. Instead, the government or the whole community owns these things. Everyone is supposed to share the wealth that they create. -
Airplane
Wilbur and Orville Wright spent four years of research and development to create the first successful powered airplane, the 1903 Wright Flyer.