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This was also known as the "Little Treatise." Guido of Arezzo developed the Guidonian Hand which was a form of solmization that associated each note of the scale with a different part of the fingers. This also had an impact on the creation of the Hexachord system. Other musical developments that came from "Micrologus" were the 4-line staff, the idea of relative pitch, and sight singing.
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Ars Nova translates to "New Art" and it represented the replacement of Ars Antiqua (Old Art). The innovation that came along with the Ars Nova Treatise was the concept of time and prolation within music. A system was developed to define how long each note was and how it would be counted in music. Some of the different terms associated with this were Breve, Semibreve, and Minim. It separated perfect and imperfect time, as well as major and minor prolation.
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This work is significant because Palestrina's style became a model for the music that followed it. His style is still an example in textbooks today on the subject of counterpoint.
Palestrina's Rules:
1. Moves in mostly stepwise motion with dissonances resolving on strong beats
2. Dissonance is allowed between strong beats as long as it is in a stepwise fashion or suspension
3. The "Palestrina Arch" is used by following leaps with stepwise motion in the opposite direction -
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Where: St. Mark's Basilica
Significance: This was the first piece to use dynamics and write them into the composition. It was also the first piece that distinguished which instruments play which parts. -
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This concerto was significant because it paved the way for all future concertos. It specifically defined the idea of the orchestra performing in unison, and many other ideas for the structure of different concerto movements. This was one of his most famous and most successful works, along with "The Four Seasons."
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The main goal of "The Well-Tempered Clavier" was to introduce musicians to all 24 keys and scales. This was such a big deal because Bach was the first composer to realize the importance of the scales within music. He realized that knowing all 24 major and minor keys was the foundation of musical knowledge and this is still true to this day. This allowed musicians to play in all keys and on all different instruments because of the wide range it presented.
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The english translation is "Treatise on Harmony" and this was the most influential of all theoretical works because it became the basis for teaching the concept of functional harmony.
The main 5 innovations are as follows:
- Defined the root of the chord and the inversions.
- Defined triads and 7th chords.
- Defined the dominant, subdominant, and the tonic as the main pillars of harmony.
- Identified V7-I as the strongest resolution.
- Defined the concept of a fundamental bassline. -
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Le Chevalier de Saint-Georges was the director of the Concerts des Amateurs from 1773-1781. This was referred to as one of the finest orchestras in Europe. This was extremely important in all of music history because Saint-George was an African American man directing the leading orchestra in Paris. He was even referred to as "Le Mozart noir" or the "black Mozart" because of his extraordinary talents. President John Adams even called him "the most accomplished man in Europe."
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Won the Pulitzer Prize in 1945.
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Composition dates are 1957-1958, and it premiered at the Brussels Exposition (World's Fair) in 1958.
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