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The "First New Deal"
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Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
The CCC became an opportunity for young unemployed men to have structure in their lives and provide for their families. They were sent to live with military discipline and were given jobs working on federal projects such as planting trees, building roads, and developing parks. -
Agricultural Adjustment Administration
The AAA promoted farmers to grow less of certain crops so the government could have control over the supply. The government offered subsidies to farmers in order for them to decrease production and reach agricultural purchase prices like the ones before the war. This agency was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. -
Tennessee Valley Authority
The TVA was responsible for hiring unemployed people in one of US’s poorest regions, the Tennessee Valley. Through the building of dams, electricity was available at a much lower cost to homeowners in the region as well as providing environment reliefs. -
Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC)
The Home Owners Loan Corporation provided refinancing of small homes to prevent foreclosures in the future. It also refinanced home mortgages for those who were struggling to make ends meet, offering more affordable long-term loans. -
Glass-Steagall Act
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Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) of 1933
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National Industrial Recovery Act
The National Industrial Recovery Act established codes of fair practices in industry, such as minimum wages, max work hours, and enabling collective bargaining. It was later deemed unconstitutional by Congress. -
Securities Exchange Commission
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) was created to regulate the stock market and to place strict limits on practices that had led to the crash in 1929. The SEC also required full audits of, and financial disclosure by, corporations to protect investors from fraud and insider trading. -
Federal Housing Administration
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The "Second New Deal"
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Works Progress Administration
The WPA was a program that allowed the government to spend billions to employ men and women of different fields. It provided construction jobs such as building bridges and airports, as well as creative projects for artists such as painting murals and performing plays. -
Wagner Act and the National Labor Relations Board (1935, July 5)
This act came from the need to replace the National Industrial Recovery Act after it was declared unconstitutional. It gave workers the right to join a union and allowed unions to use collective bargaining to reach their goals. Additionally, it stopped practices that created unfair conditions for workers. -
Social Security Act
The Social Security Act provided money to citizens who suffered from disabilities, unemployment, and to guide those getting ready for retirement. It was funded by people’s own salaries over time, which led to eventual pushback from those who did not want to pay. -
Fair Labor Standards Act
One of the last major acts of the New Deal, the Fair Labor Standard Act achieved many goals. It created child labor laws, which restricted the hiring of children under 16; created minimum wage, this was set to 40 cents an hour; and created a standard 40 hour work week which included overtime.