-
Dec 18, 1500
Roles of Amerindian
Iroquois-- Matriarchy; leadership and decision making was the responsibility of women.
Algonquins-- Patriarchy; men were decision makers. -
Period: Dec 18, 1500 to
Official Power and Countervailing Power
-
Alliances
Hurons: Alliances with the French.
Iroquois: Alliances with the English. -
Royal Government
King: All the power
Minister of marine: second in command.
Governer: highest rank in New France, commander in army and dealt with international affairs
-- Intendant: dealt with economy
-- Bishop in charge if religion, education, hospitals, charities etc and no official power (highly influencial) -
Power relations between church and state
• Church is implicated in political decisions because of its role in Le Conseil souverain (Sovereign Council).The Clergy was everywhere:Priests in charge of parishes (cure)Priests working as missionariesNuns working in hospitals -
Power relations between the colony and the mother country
The influence of decisions made by the mother country on the power in the colony.Absolute monarchy: The king names administrators of the colony and can still reverse any decisions they make. -
Life In New France
-Settlers had happy lives but it was work. There was work to be done everyday; Caring for crops, making clothes, fixing tools, preparing for winter. -New France settlers became self-dependent -Life differed from France, where you had the very rich and massive numbers of poor/starving people. -In New France the people were very autonomous and by 1760 grew to become a distinct set of people called Canadien -
Great Peace of Montreal
Signed by Louis-Hector de Calliere, governor of New France
- 16 years of friendly alliances between the Hurons/Algonquians and the French
- Sometimes called the "Grand Settlement of 1701" -
Articles Of Capitualtion
- The French Militia could return home, no one would lose their property2. The French Regular military would lay down their arms and leave.3. The people could practice the R.C. religion, but the Bishop would have to leave. 4. The people who stayed would become British Subjects.
-
Treaty Of Paris
7rys war ends. All the Territory known as New France is given to the King of England except two small Islands, (St.Pierre, Miquelon) -
Guy Carleton
Like Murray, he favoured the French because he wantd their loyality in the case of a war on independance in the 13 colonies. -
James Murray
Murray found that the Proclamation wasnt good because it was in favour of the 1% English and not the 99% french. James bent the rules to make the French content. Murray allowed a new Bishop. He changed the rules to French civil, English criminal. -
Royal Proclamation
1- It gives the King’s new colony a name, The Province of Quebec2- It decreases the borders to just around the St-Lawrence river valley. (The rest would be known as Indian Territory)3- Put in place a civilian Government to run the new Colony: The King appointed a Governor who then appointed members of an Executive Council to advise him. 4- English Criminal and Civil laws were applied.5- Unused land would be divided by the Township System6-No new Bishop would be allowed7-No Roman -
Post Independance War
The loyalists would get kicked out. They are loyal to the crown in Great Britain therefore go to a british colony.
- 36 000 came to Canada
- 6 000 came to Quebec -
Quebec Act
-Guarantees French Canadian loyalty -Enlarges the area of Quebec -Denied an elected assembly-Appointed council (min.17 members)-French civil laws were instated, tithe and seigniorial system are back-Test Act Oath→ Test Oath of Allegiance (swear to king you’re loyal, and could hold office) -
Representative Gov's giant lie
Legislative Assembly had the power to make laws, but whenever they tried to do so they never passed because the Governor and his Council has veto power. The two sides had different interests. The wealthy governors and council members wanred to tax property but the members of the legislative assembly wanted to tax goods. -
Constitutional Act
The Province of Quebec was split in two pieces called Upper Canada (because it was up river) and Lower Canada (it was down river)Lower Canada-was almost entirely French (160 000ppl)Upper Canada-was entirely English (20,000ppl)The Ottawa River would be the boundary between them.In Lower Canada the French kept their religion, civil laws, and people could work in the admin.In Upper Canada the Protestants, would use the township system, English civil laws. -
Representative Government
Governor: appointed by the paliament, commanded forces, in charge of administration, has veto power, calls assemblies into session.
Lieutenant Governor: acted as deputy governor.
Executive Council: appointed by the Governor, advised by Governor.
Legislative Council: appointed, approved or rejected laws from the assembly.
Legislative Assembly:people elected every 4 years, could approve or disapprove taxes, and could create laws. -
92 resolutions
92 resolutions were things that lower canada wanted and the main goal was responisble gov. -
Les Rebellions.
After they waited for a reply from london on the 92 resolutions, they grew more and more mad. when they finally got back a 10 resolution letter from london that didnt have responsibile gov they started to fight with the english army. They lost badly. -
Lord Durham
• Britain should increase immigration in order to assimilate the French.• The two Canada’s should be united (eng. now have majority)• Responsible Government should be granted to eliminate veto power. These ideas were first rejected by the British Parliament -
Act Union
1.Creates the Prov. of Canada consisting of Canada East and West (former upper and lower Canada).2. Canada east and west each had 42 members to its assembly3. Governor still had control and veto power4. Canada east and west would equally pay for Canada’s debts (Cdn West owed 10X). -
Governor Lord Elgin
would be the first to not use his veto powers, and allow the Prime minister(majority holder) to have executive powers. -
structure of responsibile gov
-The people would now elect the Leg. Assembly(Parliament) -The Prime minister(head of the party with the most votes) wouldForm the Cabinet (Executive Council) who would propose laws that had to be approved through the assembly.The Governor and the Legislative council were still appointed but did not intervene even though pressured to do so -
Charlottetown Conference
Leaders of Canada East/West meet with the leaders of the three maritime Provinces, they left the meetings agreeing to consider a merger. -
Quebec Conferrence
Same members agreed on 72 resolutions that would make the merger possible....
A federal system
24 seats to each colony
Assembly elected by 'Rep-by-Pop'
Build a railway between colonies -
London Conference
Leaders of the 4 colonies meet to make arrangement to release from the British Empire to become a new “self-governing” colony. THE DOMINION OF CANADA! With its capital of Ottawa was created under the British North America Act. -
Influences of Chruch
-After 1837 the bishops became more and more powerful, the cures became the most important person in the parish.-Church was still in charge of registering births, marriages, deaths.-Controlling education (Laval University 1852)-Orphanages, Shelters, Charities, Religious festivals-R.C. Church attendance was very high-Protestants were divided (Anglicans, Presbyterians, Methodists, Baptists etc…) Ministers still influential but not as powerful as R.C.-Protestant Universities: McGill(1821), Bi -
Maurice Duplessis
Duplessis believed in Church values, farming and provincial over federal. he added electricity and roads to rural areas to promote agricultural life styles. -
silent revolution
• To make the Quebec gov’t the major force behind Quebec's social and economic development by greatly increasing the role of the state in both of these sectors (Hydro-Quebec became gov’t owned, trans-canada expanded, Montreal Metro). • To modernize Quebec's educational system and to allow it to catch up to the other provinces in Canada. (Parent Committee, free public school till 16, MEQ created)• To weaken the influence of the Church and to end Quebec's political isolation. -
Seperatist Movement
Rene Levesque formed the Parti Quebecois which wanted to seperate Quebec from Canada -
October Crises
James Cross and Pierre LaPortes were kidnapped. Trudeau brought in the army but sadly they could only save cross and Laportes was murdered. -
Meech Lake accord
Writen with various reforms but it was denied by two provinces. -
Charlottetown Agreement
It sought to seperate Canada from QC but it was voted against by the people.
