-
Period: to
Gabriel Faure
French composer
Undisguised avant-garde -
Period: to
Gustav Mahler
Maximalist composer -
Period: to
Claude Debussy
Impressionist; French composer -
Period: to
Richard Strauss
Maximalist composer from Germany -
Period: to
Erik Satie
French composer
Undisguised avant-garde -
Period: to
Arnold Schoenburg
Austrian composer
Expressionist -
Period: to
Arthur Honegger
Member of Les Six
Only member that was born in Sweden
Composed most of his works on commission -
Period: to
Anton Webern
Austrian composer
Expressionist -
Period: to
Edgard Varese
English composer who had a vision of musical timbres and modern orchestration techniques, which occasionally excluded the use of strings
Non-tonal composer -
Period: to
Alban Burg
Expressionist; Austrian composer -
Period: to
Louis Durey
Member of Les Six
Wrote songs for the French resistance during World War II -
Period: to
Maximalism
Style of music which musical elements were pushed to the extremes: It's notion was expansion, and it expanded forms, genres, and sizes of traditional music entities. The music was thick with motives and themes and was often used an orchestra. -
Period: to
Impressionism
Style held on to many musical elements while abandoning the traditional rules for each
Music qualities were very vague
Harmonies and textures were used for color and atmosphere, not tonal progression
Quiet, dreamlike quality
Harps and flutes were 2 major instruments
Light, reflections, movement, water, color, soft images
All notes are equal and the rules of chord progressions don't apply -
Period: to
Germaine Tailleferre
Member of Les Six -
Period: to
Darius Milhaud
Member of Les Six
Rejected impressionism
American jazz had some influence on his work -
Period: to
Francis Poulenc
Member of Les Six
Self taught but had musical tutors -
Period: to
Georges Auric
Member of Les Six
Neo-classist
Ran SACEM
Music journalist -
Period: to
Undisguised avant-garde
Composers Erik Satie (1866-1925) and Gabriel Faure (1845-1924) were not very fond of the Wagnerian style, and they attempted to step out of the Romantic aestheticism. Artist Marcel Duchamp's (1887-1968) presentation of a sculptural urinal, "Fountain" was a huge expression against Romanticism. -
Period: to
Neo-classicism
Return to the 19th century
Used similar forms, textures, and topics from the past to combine them with the then modern harmonies, tonality, and timbres
-some of the new musical elements were polyrhythms and polytonalities, which resulted in a lot of complex music
-melodies were not main focus of compositions
-new conceptions of harmonies included polychords, polytonalities, and atonalities
A popular neo-classist was Igor Stravinsky
-used complex rhythms
-used sharp dissonance -
Period: to
Primitivism
Western visual art movement, which borrowed non-Western subjects (often naive and folklike); a sensible attitude that informed diverse aspects of modern art
Popular composers
-Paul Ganguin (1848-1903)
-Igor Stravinsky (1882-1971): "Rite of Spring" uses vigorous, repetitive ostinatos that demonstrated musical aspects of this movement -
Period: to
Expressionism
Founded in Germany and Austria
Focused on freeing music from tonality
Composers: Arnold Schoenburg (1874-1951), and his students; Alban Berg (1885-1935), and Anton Webern (1883-1945)
All notes are equal, and thus there is no "home" pitch or tonic to return to
Stark images, strong lines, bold images, static subjects -
Pierrot lunaire
Song cycle
-21 (bizarre) poems from Belgian symbolist poet, Albert Giraud's "Pierrot lunaire," which was divided into 3 sets of 7 poems
-Written for
Solo voice
Violin/viola
Cello
Flute/piccolo
Clarinet/bass clarinet
piano
_It is about a sad, drunk clown who becomes ridden with guilt and then climbs from the depths of depression to a more playful mood while still having thoughts of guilt, but eventually he becomes sober. -
Rite of Spring
Ballet
-Music by Igor Stravinsky
-Cherographed by Vaslar Nijinsky
-Produced by Sergey Diaghilev
-Costumes inspired by Pablo Picasso
-showed scenes of pagan Russian rituals
-music was rhythmically forceful that orchestra seemed to use a hammer to play it
-music and story were radical
-received an "X" rating but now would be considered PG-13
-caused a riot
-lots of polyrhythms and polychords -
Period: to
World War I
-
Period: to
Dadaism
Movement of anti-art thinking in which various types of artists reacted against war and the bourgeois in Europe
It attracted various artists including painters, poets, the literary, etc. Many supporters began to question society's standards of art. The artists associated with the movement created the way into modernist thinking, which led to more questioning of traditional artistic expectations. -
Period: to
Les Six
A group of French composers who banded together; Georges Auric, Louis Durey, Arthur Honegger, Darius Milhaud, Francis Poulenc, and Germaine Tailleferre
Concerts and Publicity
-Le Coq et l'Arlequin (1918)
-Le Boeuf surle toit
-L'Album des Six (an album they did in 1920)
-Les maries de la tour Eiffel (1921) -
Period: to
Non-tonal
Style of music that focused on elements other than pitch
Percussion benefitted from this style -
Period: to
Rise of the Viola
Viola became a very popular instrument. Lionel Tertis', a violist, career was at it's height during this time