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43 BCE
2nd Triumvirate
Augustus, Lepidus, and Mark Antony join forces to create the 2nd Triumvirate -
43 BCE
2nd Triumvirate
Augustus, Mark Antony, and Lepidus join forces to create the 2nd Triumvirate. -
32 BCE
2nd Triumvirate ends
-
31 BCE
Augustus comes to power
Augustus wages war against Cleopatra and Antony after the 2nd Triumvirate ends and Lepidus falls from power -
31 BCE
Battle of Actium
Augustus wins the Battle of Actium against Cleopatra and Antony, who then flee to Egypt but commit suicide when Augustus (then Octavian) captures the country -
31 BCE
Emperor Augustus
Augustus wages war against Cleopatra and Antony after the 2nd Triumvirate ends and Lepidus falls from power. -
31 BCE
Battle of Actium
Augustus wins the Battle of Actium against Cleopatra and Antony who then flee to Egypt but commit suicide when Augustus (then Octavian) captures the country. -
Period: 31 BCE to 68
Julio Claudian Dynasty
Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, and Nero -
27 BCE
Pax Romana begins
Augustus starts the Pax Romana. -
27 BCE
Pax Romana starts
Augustus starts the Pax Romana -
Period: 27 BCE to 180
Pax Romana
A period of peace in the Roman Empire -
Period: 27 BCE to 180
Pax Romana
A period of peace in Rome. -
19 BCE
The Aeneid is published
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6 BCE
Jesus is born in Bethlehem
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14
Augustus' death
Augustus dies of natural causes at the age of 75 -
14
Tiberius comes to power
He is the adopted son of Augustus who takes over the role of emperor after Augustus’ death -
14
Augustus' death
Emperor Augustus dies of natural causes at the age of 75. -
14
Emperor Tiberius
He is the adopted son of Augustus who takes over the role of emperor after Augustus' death. -
27
Tiberius leaves Rome
Tiberius left Rome to stay on the island of Capri. He built villas, prisons, underground dungeons, torture chambers, and places of execution -
27
Tiberius leaves Rome
Tiberius left Rome to stay on the island of Capri. He built villas, prisons, underground dungeons, torture chambers, and places of execution. -
30
Jesus is crucified in Jerusalem
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31
Tiberius and Sejanus
Tiberius is elected consul of Rome for a fifth time with Sejanus being his co-consul, who takes a lot of power from Tiberius after he marries Livilla, the widow of Tiberius’ son. -
31
Tiberius consulship with Senjanus
Tiberius was elected consul of Rome for a fifth time with Sejanus being his co-consul, who takes a lot of power from Tiberius after he marries Livilla, the widow of Tiberius’ son. -
37
Tiberius' end
Tiberius took part in a ceremonial javelin throwing game. He wrenched his school, which he, in return, lapses into a coma. Caligula, his successor was sent for by his physicians, thinking Tiberius would die. Caligula was named emperor before Tiberius became fully conscious. -
37
Emperor Caligula
Caligula is named emperor after Tiberius is assumed dead. -
37
Tiberius is succeeded
Tiberius took part in a ceremonial javelin throwing game. He wrenched his school, which he, in return, lapses into a coma. Caligula, his successor was sent for by his physicians, thinking Tiberius would die. Caligula was named emperor before Tiberius became fully conscious. -
38
Naevius Macro is executed
Tiberius executes a prefect of the Praetorian Guard, Naevius Sutorius Macro. -
40
Caligula and Gaul
Caligula marches with an army into Gaul and plunders thoroughly. -
41
Caligula's death
Caligula is murdered at the Palatine Games by Cassius Chaerea, Cornelius Sabinus, and others. -
41
Emperor Claudius
Claudius is unexpectedly appointed emperor following Caligula’s murder, he was discovered trembling in the palace by a soldier. -
42
Annexation of Mauretania
Claudius annexes Mauretania in North Africa and made two provinces: Caesariensis in the east and Tingitana in the west. -
47
Claudius makes himself a censor
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49
Annexation of Iturea
Claudius annexes Iturea, also known as northeastern Palestine, to the province of Syria. -
54
Claudius' death
Claudius is poisoned by Julia Agrippina, using mushrooms. -
54
Emperor Nero
Nero, the stepson of Claudius comes to power at the age of 17 after Claudius is poisoned and Agrippina insists to the Senate and Praetorian Guard on Nero being proclaimed emperor. Agrippina, he mother, had always wanted Nero to come to power and paved the way for him after taking out enemies among the palace advisors and Claudius himself. -
58
Otho is sent from Rome to govern Lusitania
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59
Agrippina's fall
Nero orders Agrippina, his mother, be put to death after she had gone mentally insane -
64
The Great Fire rages in Rome
Began in the slums of district south of Palatine Hill. It raged for 3 days and was fueled by high winds. Many believe that Nero is the cause for the fire so he could rebuild Rome the way he wanted. -
64
Reconstruction of Rome
Nero has the city reconstructed in the Greek style after the great fire destroys 3 of the 12 districts in Rome. Only 4 districts went untouched by the fire. -
68
Praetorians are angry at Galba
Galba refuses to pay the praetorians a sum of money that was promised to them. In return, they assassinated Galba’s ally, Nymphidius. -
68
Otho and Galba against Nero
Otho joins the rebellion against Nero led by Galba. -
68
Nero's death
Nero hears about the revolts growing throughout the empire but he only laughs and does not take any action against them. The Senate condemned Nero to die a slave’s death, but he fled and stabbed himself in the throat. -
68
Emperor Galba
Vindex invites Galba to be emperor and to head a rebellion against Nero. Before then, Galba was the governor of Nearer Spain for 8 years. -
69
Galba's death
Galba and Piso Licianus, his heir, are murdered by the praetorians who were in favor of Otho, Galba’s ally that was not chosen as Galba’s predecessor. (January 15, 69 AD) -
69
Germany doesn't align with Galba
Legions of Upper Germany joined the legions of Lower Germany and proclaimed Vitellius emperor, after they refuse to vote allegiance to Galba. (January 2, 69 AD) -
69
Otho's death
Otho commits suicide after his army was defeated at Bedriacum. -
69
Emperor Aulus Vitellius
Vitellius’ armies fight the forces of Otho at Bedriacum and win. Otho commits suicide and Vitellius becomes emperor. (April 69 AD) -
69
Vitellius is defeated
Vitellius’ troops are defeated in a second battle of Bedriacum and Vespasian’s brother, Flavius Sabinus wants Vitellius to renounce his throne. (October 69) -
69
Emperor Otho
Otho organizes a conspiracy against Galba and prepares to seize power after Piso was chosen as Galba’s successor over him. (January 15, 69 AD) -
69
Aulus Vitellius gains support
Aulus Vitellius is proclaimed emperor by his men. He is supported by most governors of Spain, Gaul, and Britain, along with the armies of Upper Germany. But he isn't officially emperor of Rome (January 2, 69 AD) -
69
Vitellius' death
Vespasian’s army attacks Rome and Vitellius is murdered. -
69
Emperor Vespasian
Vespasian’s position as emperor is officially confirmed after his army attacks Rome and murders Vitellius (December 69). -
Period: 69 to 69
Year of Four Emperors
Galba, Otho, Aulus Vitellius, and Vespasian -
Period: 69 to 96
Flavian Dynasty
Vespasian, Titus, and Domitian -
70
Vespasian returns to Rome
Vespasian returns to Rome from Alexandria. Announces that he is increasing taxes in multiple Greek-speaking provinces and cities. -
70
Titus conquers Jerusalem
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71
Nerva is consul
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76
Helvidius Priscus is executed
Vespasian argues with a few doctrinaire senators over his sons succeeding him. He executes Helvidius Priscus. -
79
Vespasian's death
Vespasian contracts undulant fever, avoids proper care, and dies after catching a chill during a late night swim. -
79
Emperor Titus
Titus succeeds Vespasian peacefully after his death. -
79
Mt. Vesuvius erupts
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80
Completion of Colosseum
Titus completes the Flavian Amphitheatre, known as the Colosseum. -
81
Titus' death
Titus dies unexpectedly at 41 years old and it is believed to be caused by his brother, Domitian. -
81
Emperor Domitian
Domitian gains power after the unexpected death of his brother, Titus. -
85
Domitian, censor for life
Domitian becomes censor for life and gains control over senatorial membership and behavior. -
90
Nerva is consul for 2nd term
-
Period: 93 to 96
Time of Terror
Regarded as a time of terror under Domitian’s rule. -
95
Domitian executes an associate
Domitian executed his cousin Flavius Clemens which brought fear to even his closest associates. -
96
Domitian's death
A conspiracy caused Domitian’s murder which was led by two praetorian prefects, palace officials, and Domitia Longina (his own wife). -
96
Emperor Nerva
Nerva becomes emperor after the assassination of Domitian. -
Period: 96 to 180
The Five Good Emperors
Nerva, Trajan. Hadrian. Antoninus Pius, and Marcus Aurelius -
97
Nerva adopts Trajan
Nerva insures succession by adopting his colleague Marcus Trajanus, governor of a German province. -
98
Nerva's death
Nerva dies and is laid to rest in the Mausoleum of Augustus. -
98
Emperor Trajan
Emperor Nerva dies and Trajan is accepted as emperor by both armies and the Senate. -
99
Trajan returns to Rome
Trajan returns to Rome after making preparations for a campaign into Dacia. -
101
Trajan creates a new province
Trajan creates a new province of Dacia, north of the Danube River, which provided land for Roman settlers, opened mines of gold and salt, and established a defensive zone against nomads from southern Russia. -
117
Trajan's death
Emperor Trajan dies as he is weak, discouraged, and ill. -
117
Emperor Hadrian
Trajan adopts Hadrian and 3 days later dies. Hadrian is appointed emperor -
120
Antoninus is the Emperor's advisor
Antoninus is assigned to assist with judicial administration in Italy. He then becomes an advisor to Emperor Hadrian -
121
Hadrian goes on a tour of Rome
Hadrian goes on a tour of the empire to inspect troops and examine frontier defenses. -
134
Hadrian goes to Judaea
Hadrian leaves Rome to resolve revolts and conflicts arising in Judaea. -
138
Hadrian is succeeded
Hadrian arranges for Verus to succeed him. Verus is adopted by Antoninus, who is older and was also adopted by Hadrian. -
138
Emperor Antoninus
Antoninus is adopted by Hadrian and designated as his successor. -
142
Antonine Wall
The Antonine Wall is built 100 miles north of Hadrian’s Wall. -
147
Junior Emperor Marcus Aurelius
The main formal emperorship powers were conferred upon Marcus Aurelius (imperium and tribunicia potestas). He was basically a junior co-emperor. -
161
Antonine's death
Antonine dies of a fever after eating Alpine cheese. -
161
Emperor Marcus Aurelius
Marcus Aurelius became emperor following Antoninus’ death, and it was an easy transition. -
167
Marcus leaves Rome
Marcus set out on an expedition across the Danube with Verus his brother. While gone, German tribes invaded Italy and besieged Aquileia. -
180
Marcus' death
Marcus Aurelius dies at his military headquarters.
