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the ancestors of the Romans, called Latins, had migrated into Italy
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2 brothers, Romulus and Remus, founded this city and fought over who ruled it and Romulus killed Remus for the power
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noble landowners held power and chose chief officials
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they had a king and was good up until 509 BCE
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the Romans drove out their Etruscan King
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here was a struggle between the patricians (the privileged class) and the plebeians (the common people) to protect the legal, social, and civil rights of citizens. A commission of 10 men was appointed in 433 BC called the Decemviri to write a code of law that was suitable for both parties
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After Rome emerged victorious, the settlement they imposed underpinned subsequent Roman conquests of Italy and overseas territories. The Latins, and other Italian allies, were forbidden to conduct diplomacy or enter into treaties with other states. They were not taxed, except in having to provide men to fight in Roman commanded armies, which bolstered their ranks significantly
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Rome controlled most of the Italian peninsula
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rome fought 3 wars against Carthage
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Hannibal invades Italy. Hannibal leads the Carthage army in his famous crossing of the Alps to attack Rome
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Rome now controlled Spain to Egypt
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Tiberius, elected a tribune in 133 B.C., called on the state to distribute land to poor farmers
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There was a dramatic point in Roman history when non-Romans were no longer allowed to stay in Rome, and all non-Romans except slaves were expelled from the city
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in 66 BC Pompey succeeded to the command against the long-term enemy of Rome
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Rome introduced its first gold coin in 50 BC called the “aureus” which was valued at 25 silver denarii
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Julius Caesar becomes the first dictator of Rome
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Julius Caesar is assassinated on the Ides of March by Marcus Brutus. They hope to bring back the republic, but civil war breaks out.
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Institutions designed for a small city-state could not rule a world empire. Above all, vast military campaigns required generals who commanded armies over wide territories for several years. By the last century BC, these generals would lead their armies against Rome and each other
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Caesar Augustus becomes emperor
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Emperor Nero watched the city burn while playing a lyre
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It can seat 50,000 spectators
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keep out the barbarians a long wall is built across northern England
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as early as A.D. 200, wars in East Asia set off a chain of events that would eventually overwhelm Rome, thousands of miles to the west.
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In the 50 years between AD 235 and 284, the Roman empire suffered chronic political and military instability. Amid endemic civil wars and defeats at the hands of barbarians, emperors came and went with bewildering rapidity. The average reign was no more than 18 months, and many survived for much shorter periods
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Constantine would convert to Christianity and Rome would become a Christian empire. Prior to this Rome persecuted the Christians
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At the battle of the Milvian Bridge in AD 312, the emperor Constantine sent his troops into combat with crosses painted on their shields. By the end of his life, he claimed that before the battle he had experienced a vision in which he was given the divine command: “in this sign conquer”. Constantine’s conversion to Christianity had a profound effect on European, and world, history
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the Olympic games lasted 11 centuries, long after the Greek city-states were conquered by Rome. in A.D. 393, however, the games were abolished.
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Rome splits into two empires
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first time in 800 years that the city of Rome has fallen to an enemy
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The last Roman Emperor Romulus Augustus is defeated by the German Goth Odoacer. This signals the start of the Dark Ages in Europe
