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Anaximander, Anaximenes, Thales, Heraclitus
- Scientific belief that everything was made of four elements: earth, fire, water, and air
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- Scientific belief that everything was made of four elements: earth, fire, water, and air
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- Scientific belief that everything was made of uncuttable bits of colorless, smell-less, tasteless matter — the beginning of atoms
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- Scientific belief in four opposite elements (hot, cold, moist, dry) and four simple bodies (fire, air, water, earth) that in combination and with form make up all matter.
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- Scientific belief that everything was made of uncuttable bits of colorless, smell-less, tasteless matter — the beginning of atoms
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- Scientific belief that everything was made of uncuttable bits of colorless, smell-less, tasteless matter — the beginning of atoms
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Roman author of natural history -
Considered the founder of modern anatomy -
English physician who was the first to recognize the circulation of blood in the human body -
Discovered gases -
An English philosopher known best for his 1651 book, The Leviathan which sparked the American Founding Fathers' view of the "right to life." -
Cromwell was an English statesman, politician, and soldier, widely regarded as one of the most important figures in British history. He came to prominence during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, initially as a senior commander in the Parlimentary army and latterly as a politician. -
Father of modern chemistry -
An Italian biologist and physician who is referred to as the "founder of microscopical anatomy, history, and father of physiology and embryology." -
An English philosopher and physician, who influenced the American Founding Father's concept of the "right to liberty." -
A Dutch tradesman and city official who made groundbreaking discoveries in biology and microbiology. He is credited as being the first to discover microbes and bacteria under a microscope. -
Johann was a German chemist, physician, and adventurer with more failures than successes. He is best known for his development of the phlogiston theory of combustion. -
A Dutch biologist and microscopist whose work on insects demonstrated the various phases of the life of an insect. He was also the first person to observe and describe red blood cells and one of the first people to use microscopes in dissections. -
John Churchill, Winston's ancestor and namesake of the Churchill tank -
Claude Louis Hector de Villars was the adversary of John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough -
Founded by Robert Boyle, Christopher Wren, William Petty, and John Evelyn, the Royal Society of London is the United Kingdom's national academy of sciences. Their motto "Nullius in verba" means "take nobody's word for it." -
Irish writer and satirist -
Good friend of Joseph Addison -
Essayist, and co-founder of the Spectator -
An English high church Anglican clergyman who achieved nationwide fame in 1709 after preaching an incendiary 5 November sermon -
Former Prime Minister of Great Britain and 1st Earl of Orford —a British Whig polititian. -
Former Secretary of War for Great Britain -
Close friend of Jonathan Swift - maybe secret marriage -
Poet who wrote Rape of the Lock. -
A great political philosopher of the Enlightenment period, his views influenced America's Founding Fathers towards the creation of a government with limited power and natural checks and balances. -
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Preacher and theologian instrumental in the First Great Awakening -
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Carl was a Swedish biologist and physician who formalized binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming organisms and is known as the father of modern taxonomy. -
English Prime Minister -
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General Gage was a British military officer who served as the Commander-in-Chief of British forces in North America during the early stages of the Revolution. He was the Governor of Massachusetts at the time. -
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Known as the young Pretender, Bonnie Prince Charles led the 1745 Jacobite rising that culminated in the Battle of Culloden effectively ending the Stuart cause. -
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Scottish economist and philosopher who had similar ideals of individualistic rights versus rights of the state -
Orator who disputed the writs in Massachusetts. -
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John Wilkes was a journalist and member in Parliament. -
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Successor to General Howe -
An English experimental and theoretical chemist and physicist. He is noted for his discovery of hydrogen, which he termed "inflammable air." -
The Commander-in-Chief of the American Army and was renowned for uniting freemen and soldiers. His presidential terms ran from April 30th, 1789-March 4th, 1797. -
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Joseph Priestley was a English chemist, minister, and contemporary/acquaintance of Benjamin Franklin who helped greatly in the discovery of oxygen even though he got it all backward! -
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Paul Revere was an American silversmith, military officer and industrialist who played a major role during the opening months of the American Revolutionary War, engaging in a midnight ride in 1775 to alert nearby minutemen of the approach of British troops prior to the battles of Lexington and Concord -
Founding Father and great orator. -
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Apparently, he wasn't very bright. -
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Author of Common Sense and The American Crisis -
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Author of the final draft of the Declaration of Independence. -
A French nobleman and chemist who was central to the 18th-century chemical revolution and who had a large influence on both the history of chemistry and biology. -
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There is a musical about him. -
Louis XVI was the last king of France before the fall of the monarchy during the French Revolution. In 1770, he married Marie Antoinette. -
Joseph Louis Proust was a French chemist. He was best known for his discovery of the law of definite proportions in 1797, stating that chemical compounds always combine in constant proportions. -
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A French held fort. Its name defies everything good and right about phonics. -
English Prime Minister -
A good and influential friend of William Pitt the Younger -
Search warrants that allow the Crown to control trade in the colonies. -
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The Committees of Correspondence were active in the American colonies as a key communications system during the American Revolution.
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The Stamp Act of 1765 was a tax imposed by the British Parliament on the American colonies. -
The Sons of Liberty were a secret political organization that fought British rule in the American colonies. They protested taxes like the Stamp Act through riots, threats, and violence, and use the press to rally colonists to their cause. They were also influential in organizing and carrying out the Boston Tea Party.
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The Stamp Act Congress was a meeting of colonial delegates in 1765 to protest the Stamp Act and to seek a unified response to British taxation. The meeting took place in New York City and was the first time representatives from different colonies gathered to debate together. -
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Jean Leopold Nicolas Frederic, baron Cuvier, known as Georges Cuvier, was a French naturalist and zoologist, sometimes referred to as the "founding father of paleontology." -
The Boston Massacre was a violent confrontation between British soldiers and colonists that took place in Boston. An unruly crowd of colonists taunted the soldiers by throwing snowballs and rocks. The British soldiers retaliated by firing into the crowd, killing five colonists and wounding six others. -
A protest against British rule as colonists in America disguised as Mohawk Indians boarded three ships in the Boston Harbor and dumped 342 chests of tea into the water. -
The Intolerable Acts were a series of laws passed by British Parliament to punish the Massachusetts Bay Colony for the Boston Tea Party. Also known as the Coercive Acts, these laws led to the First Continental Congress and included the Boston Port Act (closing the harbor until the tea was paid for), the Quartering Act (allowing British troops to be quartered in American buildings for minimal cost), and others. -
This meeting of delegates from 12 of the 13 American colonies was formed to allow discussion of how to respond to the Intolerable Acts. -
The world's first abolitionist group by Pennsylvania Quakers -
The Shot Heard 'Round the World -
Begun at the Battle of Lexington
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A 47 page political writing by Thomas Paine -
The Declaration of Independence, duh. -
Avogardo was an Italian scientist, most noted for his contribution to molecular theory now known as Avogadro's law, which states that equal volumes of gases under the same conditions of temperatures and pressure will contain equal numbers of molecules. -
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Gay-Lussac was a French chemist and physicist. He is known mostly for his discovery that water is made of two parts hydrogen and one part oxygen by volume and for two laws related to gases. -
Sir Humphry Davy was a British chemist and inventor. -
Baron Berzelius was a Swedish chemist. He is considered, along with Robert Boyle, John Dalton, and Antoine Lavoisier, to be one of the founders of modern chemistry. -
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The United States Bill of Rights comprises the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. Proposed following the often bitter 1787-1788 debate over the ratification of the Constitution and written to address the objections raised by Anti-Federalists. -
Matthias Schleiden was a German botanist and co-founder of cell theory. -
Charles Darwin was an English naturalist and geologist who developed the theory of evolution by natural selection. His 1859 book, On the Origin of Species, presented his ideas, which revolutionized the scientific understanding of evolution and laid the foundation for modern biology. -
Theodor Schwann was a German physician and physiologist. His most significant contribution to biology is considered to be the extension of cell theory to animals. -
