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Period: 3300 BCE to 1200 BCE
Bronze Age
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Period: 1200 BCE to 1000
Iron Age
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Period: 500 BCE to 600 BCE
Ionian School of Pre-Socratic Philosophy
Anaximander, Anaximenes, Thales, Heraclitus- Scientific belief that everything was made of four elements: earth, fire, water, and air
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490 BCE
Empedocles
- Scientific belief that everything was made of four elements: earth, fire, water, and air
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460 BCE
Democritus
- Scientific belief that everything was made of uncuttable bits of colorless, smell-less, tasteless matter — the beginning of atoms
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384 BCE
Aristotle
- Scientific belief in four opposite elements (hot, cold, moist, dry) and four simple bodies (fire, air, water, earth) that in combination and with form make up all matter.
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341 BCE
Epicurus
- Scientific belief that everything was made of uncuttable bits of colorless, smell-less, tasteless matter — the beginning of atoms
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100 BCE
Lucretius
- Scientific belief that everything was made of uncuttable bits of colorless, smell-less, tasteless matter — the beginning of atoms
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23
Pliny the Elder
Roman author of natural history -
Dec 31, 1514
Andreas Vesalius
Considered the founder of modern anatomy -
Apr 1, 1578
William Harvey
English physician who was the first to recognize the circulation of blood in the human body -
Jan 12, 1580
Johann Baptista van Helmont
Discovered gases -
Thomas Hobbes
An English philosopher known best for his 1651 book, The Leviathan which sparked the American Founding Fathers' view of the "right to life." -
Robert Boyle
Father of modern chemistry -
Marcell Malpighi
An Italian biologist and physician who is referred to as the "founder of microscopical anatomy, history, and father of physiology and embryology." -
John Locke
An English philosopher and physician, who influenced the American Founding Father's concept of the "right to liberty." -
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
A Dutch tradesman and city official who made groundbreaking discoveries in biology and microbiology. He is credited as being the first to discover microbes and bacteria under a microscope. -
Johann Joachim Becher
Johann was a German chemist, physician, and adventurer with more failures than successes. He is best known for his development of the phlogiston theory of combustion. -
Jan Jacob Swammerdam
A Dutch biologist and microscopist whose work on insects demonstrated the various phases of the life of an insect. He was also the first person to observe and describe red blood cells and one of the first people to use microscopes in dissections. -
Duke of Marlborough
John Churchill, Winston's ancestor and namesake of the Churchill tank -
Duke of Villars
Claude Louis Hector de Villars was the adversary of John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough -
The Royal Society of London
Founded by Robert Boyle, Christopher Wren, William Petty, and John Evelyn, the Royal Society of London is the United Kingdom's national academy of sciences. Their motto "Nullius in verba" means "take nobody's word for it." -
Jonathan Swift
Irish writer and satirist -
Sir Richard Steele
Good friend of Joseph Addison -
Joseph Addison
Essayist, and co-founder of the Spectator -
Henry Sacheverell
An English high church Anglican clergyman who achieved nationwide fame in 1709 after preaching an incendiary 5 November sermon -
Robert Walpole
Former Prime Minister of Great Britain and 1st Earl of Orford —a British Whig polititian. -
Henry St. John — 1st Viscount Bolingbroke
Former Secretary of War for Great Britain -
Esther Johnson
Close friend of Jonathan Swift - maybe secret marriage -
Baron Charles de Montesquieu
A great political philosopher of the Enlightenment period, his views influenced America's Founding Fathers towards the creation of a government with limited power and natural checks and balances. -
General Oglethorpe
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Period: to
Queen Anne's War
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Jonathan Edwards
Preacher and theologian instrumental in the First Great Awakening -
Benjamin Franklin
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George Grenville
English Prime Minister -
Period: to
King George I's Reign
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General Thomas Gage
General Gage was a British military officer who served as the Commander-in-Chief of British forces in North America during the early stages of the Revolution. He was the Governor of Massachusetts at the time. -
Chief Pontiac
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Bonnie Prince Charles Edward Stuart
Known as the young Pretender, Bonnie Prince Charles led the 1745 Jacobite rising that culminated in the Battle of Culloden effectively ending the Stuart cause. -
General Burgoyne
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Admiral Joseph de Grasse
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Adam Smith
Scottish economist and philosopher who had similar ideals of individualistic rights versus rights of the state -
James Otis
Orator who disputed the writs in Massachusetts. -
Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, Comte de Rochambeau
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Period: to
King George II's Reign
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General Howe
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Henry Cavendish
An English experimental and theoretical chemist and physicist. He is noted for his discovery of hydrogen, which he termed "inflammable air." -
George Washington
The Commander-in-Chief of the American Army and was renowned for uniting freemen and soldiers. -
Joseph Priestley
Joseph Priestley was a English chemist, minister, and contemporary/acquaintance of Benjamin Franklin who helped greatly in the discovery of oxygen even though he got it all backward! -
Period: to
First Great Awakening
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Paul Revere
Paul Revere was an American silversmith, military officer and industrialist who played a major role during the opening months of the American Revolutionary War, engaging in a midnight ride in 1775 to alert nearby minutemen of the approach of British troops prior to the battles of Lexington and Concord -
Patrick Henry
Founding Father and great orator. -
Ethan Allen
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King George III
Apparently, he wasn't very bright. -
The Cato Rebellion
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Thomas Paine
Author of Common Sense and The American Crisis -
Benedict Arnold
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Nathanael Greene
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Thomas Jefferson
Author of the final draft of the Declaration of Independence. -
Antoine Lavoisier
A French nobleman and chemist who was central to the 18th-century chemical revolution and who had a large influence on both the history of chemistry and biology. -
Henry Knox
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Lightning Rod Invented
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Major General Lafayette
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Capture of Fort Duquesne
A French held fort. Its name defies everything good and right about phonics. -
William Pitt the Younger
English Prime Minister -
Writs of Assistance
Search warrants that allow the Crown to control trade in the colonies. -
Navigation Acts
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Proclamation Line of 1763
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Period: to
Committees of Correspondence
The Committees of Correspondence were active in the American colonies as a key communications system during the American Revolution. -
Stamp Act of 1765
The Stamp Act of 1765 was a tax imposed by the British Parliament on the American colonies. -
Period: to
Sons of Liberty
The Sons of Liberty were a secret political organization that fought British rule in the American colonies. They protested taxes like the Stamp Act through riots, threats, and violence, and use the press to rally colonists to their cause. They were also influential in organizing and carrying out the Boston Tea Party. -
Stamp Act Congress
The Stamp Act Congress was a meeting of colonial delegates in 1765 to protest the Stamp Act and to seek a unified response to British taxation. The meeting took place in New York City and was the first time representatives from different colonies gathered to debate together. -
Boston Massacre
The Boston Massacre was a violent confrontation between British soldiers and colonists that took place in Boston. An unruly crowd of colonists taunted the soldiers by throwing snowballs and rocks. The British soldiers retaliated by firing into the crowd, killing five colonists and wounding six others. -
Boston Tea Party
A protest against British rule as colonists in America disguised as Mohawk Indians boarded three ships in the Boston Harbor and dumped 342 chests of tea into the water. -
The Intolerable Acts
The Intolerable Acts were a series of laws passed by British Parliament to punish the Massachusetts Bay Colony for the Boston Tea Party. Also known as the Coercive Acts, these laws led to the First Continental Congress and included the Boston Port Act (closing the harbor until the tea was paid for), the Quartering Act (allowing British troops to be quartered in American buildings for minimal cost), and others. -
The First Continental Congress
This meeting of delegates from 12 of the 13 American colonies was formed to allow discussion of how to respond to the Intolerable Acts. -
The Quaker Anti-Slavery Society
The world's first abolitionist group by Pennsylvania Quakers -
Battle of Lexington
The Shot Heard 'Round the World -
Period: to
Revolutionary War
Begun at the Battle of Lexington -
The Capture of Fort Ticonderoga
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The Battle of Breed's Hill
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The Battle of Quebec
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Common Sense
A 47 page political writing by Thomas Paine -
Declaration of Independence
The Declaration of Independence, duh. -
The Battle of Trenton
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Period: to
Winter at Valley Forge
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Battle of Saratoga
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The League of Armed Neutrality
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The Treaty of Paris
