"The historical evolution of communication".

  • 100,000 BCE

    Spoken Language

    Spoken Language
    Humans begin using complex vocalizations to communicate, laying the foundation for symbolic speech and collective thinking
  • 30,000 BCE

    Cave Paintings

    Cave Paintings
    Early humans in Europe and Asia paint scenes of animals and life on cave walls one of the first visual storytelling methods .
  • 3500 BCE

    Cuneiform Writing (Mesopotamia)

    Cuneiform Writing (Mesopotamia)
    One of the earliest writing systems, inscribed on clay tablets to record trade, laws, and stories, enabling communication beyond spoken words .
  • 3100 BCE

    Egyptian Hieroglyphs

    Egyptian Hieroglyphs
    A formal writing system mixing pictograms and phonetics, used for religious inscriptions and official records
  • 776 BCE

    Homing Pigeons and Couriers

    Homing Pigeons and Couriers
    Ancient Greeks and Persians use pigeons and courier routes (like Marathon runners) to deliver time-sensitive messages across distances .
  • 1041

    Movable Type Printing (China)

    Movable Type Printing (China)
    Bi Sheng invents movable clay type, allowing faster production of texts—an early precursor to global printing
  • 1440

    Gutenberg Printing Press

    Gutenberg Printing Press
    Johannes Gutenberg creates mechanized movable type, enabling mass production of books and the rapid spread of knowledge
  • Morse’s Electric Telegraph

    Morse’s Electric Telegraph
    Samuel Morse’s telegraph revolutionizes long-distance messaging with instant electrical signals
  • Telephone Invented

    Telephone Invented
    Alexander Graham Bell sends voice over wires: “Mr. Watson, come here—I want to see you.” This marks the start of modern telephony
  • First Radio Communications

    First Radio Communications
    Marconi and Lodge transmit Morse code over radio waves, enabling wireless messaging over the air
  • First Radio Broadcast

    First Radio Broadcast
    Reginald Fessenden delivers the first audio broadcast (violin Bible reading) to ships at sea aboard the Alexanderson alternator
  • Television Debuts

    Television Debuts
    John Logie Baird conducts an early public broadcast, merging visuals and audio to reach mass audiences
  • Transistor & Computers

    Transistor & Computers
    Transistor innovation leads to compact radios and early computers which form the backbone of data communication
  • First Email

    First Email
    Ray Tomlinson sends the first networked email on ARPANET, using the now-iconic @ symbol
  • First Mobile Phone Call

    First Mobile Phone Call
    Martin Cooper (Motorola) makes the first handheld cellular call: “I’m calling you on a real cell phone…”
  • First SMS Text Message

    First SMS Text Message
    Neil Papworth sends “Merry Christmas” via SMS, starting the era of mobile typing and data communication
  • World Wide Web & Browser

    World Wide Web & Browser
    Tim Berners‑Lee opens the Web; Mosaic browser takes off, making Internet accessible to the public .
  • Social Media Emerges

    Social Media Emerges
    Facebook (2004) and Twitter (2006) launch, reshaping personal and global communication on massive scales
  • iPhone Revolution

    iPhone Revolution
    Apple’s iPhone introduces mobile apps, touchscreen, internet, and high-speed data in one device .