-
The powerful cheif Temujin began conquering his rivals and uniting the Mongol clans. The Mongols changed from the Khans ruling seperate clans to one Mongol clan.
-
The Mongols were the most brutal and most efficient military forces.They combined their superior tactics and weaponry with ruthless cunning and brutalilty.
-
Temujin succedded in uniting Mongol clans. He then took the title Gengis Khan which means univeral ruler.
-
Genghis Khan led the Mongols in conquering much of Asia to spread their ruling. It was then that the Mongols learned the art of seige warefare and the use of gunpowder which helped tem take over citys.
Note: A seige warefare is a medieval military operation involving the surrounding and blockading of a town, castle or fortress by an army attempting to capture it. -
Genghis Khan dies wich causes the Mongols to divide the emperor into four regions.
-
Under the rule of the grandson of Genghis Khan the Goloden Herde decides to to conquer Russia. The Mongols invade Poland and Hungary. It was for this reason that most of Eurasia was devistated with many people killed and many cities were annilated.
Note: The definition of the Golden Horde was the the army of Mongol Tartars that overran eastern Europe in the 13th century, established a khanate in Russia, and maintained suzerainty there until the 15th century. -
The Mongol empire established peace and stability across Asia by tolerating local beliefs and Asia ways of lifes. They also allowed most of the local rulers to stay in power.
-
The disease sprung up and spread from Asia to the Middle East and Europe. In the 1300's the Black Death wiped out much of Europe.
Note: The definition of the Black Death is an outbreak of bubonic plague that was pandemic throughout Europe and much of Asia in the 14th century -
Kublai Khan inherited the title of the Great Khan of the Mongol Empire. Althogh he only held power over the Khanate of Great Khan. It was around this time that he continued the conquest of China of which he had started in 1235.
-
An Italian trader from Venice named Marco Polo and is father traveled to China where the court took a liking to Marco Polo and sent him on 3 missions which lasted 17 years in all.
-
The Mongols wanted to rule all of China but the Song Dynasty was in control of the South of China. The Song Dynasty strongly resisted the Mongol invaders until the last Song ruler was defeated.
Note: The definition of the Song dynasty is the imperial dynasty of China from 960 to 1279; noted for art and literature and philosophy -
After defeating the Song Dynasty Kublai Khan created the Yuan Dynasty with Kamikaze. After creating the dynasty he declared himself the emperor. This was the first time that foreigners ruled all of China.
Note: The definition of Kamikaze were two winds or storms that are said to have saved Japan from two Mongol fleets under Kublai Khan -
Kublai Khan died. This led to several power struggles which erupted over who would hold the throne. This weakend the Yuan rule.
Note: The Great Wall of China is a 4,100 mile long wall that helped seperate the different parts of China. -
After returning home to Venice Marco Polo was captured during battle and he was imprisoned. A fellow prisoner then wrote a book about Marco Polo's adventures.
-
Many Chinese factions rebelled against the Yuan dynasty because of the rising taxes and deprevation of food.
-
Rebel armys of China defeated the Mongols. The Mongols then fled to Mancurra which ended the foreign rule in China.
-
A peasent named Zhu Yuanz Hang and his rebel army overthrew the lastg Mongol emperor. Zhu then proceeded to name himself the king and changed his name to Hongwu which meant vastly martial and he then he founded the Ming dynasty.
-
Once Hongwu died his son Yong became the emperor. He moved the Chinese capital to Bejing where he built a vast imperial city called the Forbidden city because most people were forbidden from entering it.
-
The Forbidden City was built in Bejing, China's capital. The city was originally built for China's Ming emperor and his family, court, and servants. The city was surrounded by a moat and a 35 foot high wall. It included dozens of imperial palaces, halls, temples, resedences, and more.
Note: The forbidden city was a walled enclosure of central Beijing, China, containing the palaces of 24 emperors in the Ming and Qing dynasties. -
A chinese muslim admiral named Zheng He led 7 voyages around the Indian Ocean to Africa. To show China's power he sailed with huge fleets with over 300 ships which included trading ships and immense treasure ships. This occured to 1433.
Note: Junks were large fleets of ships sent by Zheng He -
Ming China stopped the voyages because it was too expensive and officials said China's recources would be better used to defend the frontiers.
-
Ming China decided to created a move to isolate China from the outside world because of the arrival of the European traders with the Christian missionaries and the Mongol's were a huge threat to the north.
-
With the arrival of the Europeans came many new goods and ideas that included many new products from the Americas. The Christian Missionaries brought with them a new culture.
-
New crops from the Americas reached China because the Europeans brought them over. So the crops then increased in their output which led to a population growth.
-
After 3 weak rulers took over the throne it led to more curruption which eventually led to the Ming Dynasty's decline.
-
Among the European traders that traveled to China was an Italian Jesuit Priest named Matteo Ricci. Once he got to China he learned the language and adopted thier customs to earn acceptance. His efforts gained him entry into the Ming Courts where he introduced European learnings of mathematics and science.
-
The defense efforts for curruption drained the treasury so the taxes were raised. So then the high taxes and crop faluires led to famine and hardship which made the people begin rebellions.
-
The Manchu took China's capital over since Ming China was already weakened. The last Ming emperor killed himself to avoid getting captured which then led to the Manchu creating the new dynasty, the Qing Dynasty.
-
From 1661-1772 one of the 2 outstanding emperors of the Qing Dynasty was Kangxi who reduced taxes for the peasents and expanded the empire in parts of central Asia. He also strong supported art and religion.
-
The book "Dream of the Red Chamber" is considered to be China's greatest novel which was written by Cao Zhan. During the Ming period short storys became very popular wich is why he wrote this novel which examines the decline of an upper class chinese family.
-
From 1736-1796 the 2nd greatest ruler of the Qing dynasty was in rule. He conquered Taiwan, Mongolia, and Tibet which expanded the emperor to the largest size it had ever been. The agricultural production also rose which led to population growth. In 1750 the population was over 300 million.
-
Lord George Macartney was a British official who traveled to China to show them British goods. The Chinese officials decided the goods were not satisfactory so they did not buy the products. Then the chinese expected the lord to respect the Lord and neel before him and touch his nose to the floor to him nine times but he refused so they sent him away.
Note: Kowtowing is when someone has to kneel on their knees in fron of the emperor and touch their nose to the floor nine times.
