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Period: 1516 to 1556
Charles I
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1519
Charles I elected Holy Roman Emperor
Since he was heir to the house of the Habsburgs, he got the German princes to grant him that position. -
1521
Battle of Villalar
The communards tried unsuccessfully to get Juana the Mad, mother of Charles I, to lead their rebellion. In addition, the nobility, who initially supported them, distanced themselves when anti-nobility revolts arose. After being proclaimed emperor of Germany, Charles I returned to Spain and, with the support of the high nobility, defeated the comuneros in the Battle of Villalar (1521). -
1522
Conflict of Germanías
originated in the kingdom of Valencia, the conflict of the Germanías consisted of a rebellion of the petty bourgeoisie against the citizen oligarchy. This conflict was not as complex as the one in Castile, so once again, with the support of the high nobility, Charles I was able to defeat them easily. -
1525
Battle of Pavia
In France, Charles I maintained four wars against Francis I and Henry II. In 1525, Charles I managed to defeat Francis I in the battle of Pavia, which allowed him to occupy Milan. However, this was not the end of the conflicts that continued. In addition, Henry II allied himself with the Lutherans to defeat Charles I even though he was a Catholic monarch. -
1526
Marriage of Charles I with Isabella of Portugal
This was the only marriage of Charles I. The marriage lasted 13 years. -
1535
Conquest of Tunisia
Charles I succeeded in stopping the Turkish expansion in Vienna. This fight against the Muslims was to defend and propagate Christianity. -
1543
Marriage of Philip II with Maraí Manuela of Portugal
This was the first marriage of Philip II, he married his cousin Maria Manuela of Portugal with whom he had a son, Carlods of Austria. They were only married for two years -
1547
War of France
In 1547, Henry II of France, who had succeeded Francis I, declared war on Charles I with the intention of taking Italy and securing France, trying to break the hegemony of the House of Austria in Europe. France succeeded but then failed with their defeat at the battle of Marciano and finally Charles I won. -
1554
Marriage of Philip II with Mary I of England
This was the second marriage of Philip I and he married Mary I of England. The marriage lasted 4 years. -
1556
Abdication of Charles I
Charles I retired to the monastery of Yuste and ceded the western territories to his son Philip II and handed over the Austrian territories to his brother Ferdinand. -
Period: 1556 to
Philip II
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1557
Battle of San Quitín
In this battle, the Spanish victory was decisive in extending their hegemony, as well as becoming famous for being one of the largest military confrontations between the two nations to date. -
1559
Marriage of Philip II with Isabella of Valois
This was the third marriage of Philip II and he married Elizabeth of Valois, this marriage lasted 9 years. -
1561
Change of capital of Spain
Philip II established his court in Madrid, which from that moment on became the Spanish capital. -
1566
Rebellion of the Moorish of the Alpujaras
This revolt began in the Alpujarras, Granada against the Moors due to various prohibitions of cultural customs. This revolt was solved by Juan de Austria, half-brother of the king. -
1570
Marriage of Philip II with Anne of Austria
This was the last marriage of Philip II and he married his niece Anne of Austria, this marriage was the longest of the four as it lasted 10 years. -
1571
Battle of Lepanto
In 1570, the Turks conquered Cyprus, taking it from Venice, which asked Spain for help. Then Spain together with Venice and the Papacy formed the Holy League led by Don John of Austria and defeated the Turks in the battle of Lepanto in 1571. This victory stopped the Turkish advance in the Mediterranean. -
1580
Incorporation of Portugal
Upon the death of the last king of Portugal, Philip II claimed the throne of Portugal since he was the son of Isabel of Portugal. Thus Portugal and its overseas possessions in Brazil, the African coast and Asia were incorporated. -
The invincible army
The Invincible Armada was a fleet sent by Philip II to the so-called Anglo-Spanish War with the aim of defeating England, to establish Catholicism on the island again, in addition to this helped the Dutch against the Spanish. Philip II responded with the Invincible Armada, but they failed and lost the Spanish maritime hegemony in the Atlantic. -
Alterations in Aragon
They occurred after some incidents at court. Antonio Perez, secretary to the king, fled from prison in Madrid and went to Aragon to seek help from the Justice of Aragon. After royal pressure to surrender Perez, there was a revolt, the royal troops entered Aragon and although Perez escaped, the king's victory allowed them to limit some Aragonese privileges. -
Death of Philip II
His death was the result of a long and painful illness. He had gouty arthritis, infections, fevers, tumors and ulcers.