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Introduction
In this task I will be creating a time line describing the impacts on the tourism industry post world war 2. This will be shown on billboards around the UK to celebrate how passenger transport has emerged in the 60 years. -
Planning Regulations
Planning laws in the United Kingdom have changed dramatically since World War II as the nation has worked to achieve a balance between social welfare, environmental preservation, and economic progress. Following the war, planning regulations focused on rebuilding cities, creating new housing and establishing zoning regulations to separate residential commercial and industrial areas. -
Introduction to Budget Airline
Following World War II, changes in the dynamics of air travel and improvements in aircraft technology gave rise to the idea of budget airlines, which provide reasonably priced air travel. The introduction of jet aircraft, such as the Boeing 707 made air travel faster, more efficient and more affordable. This allowed airlines to offer lower fares and expand their route networks. -
Product/Service innovation- opening of the Channel Tunnel
In the past 60 years, products and services have changed/developed significantly. This is due to low cost airlines like EasyJet and Ryanair, helping people looking to pay for low cost flights. Customers are able to book flights through the website or over the phone rather than going into a travel agency now. The channel Tunnel opened in 1994, it is a rail tunnel linking England and France beneath English Channel. This has led to a surge in tourism between the connected regions. -
Commuting
Commuting patterns and trends have evolved significantly since World War 2, influenced by factors such as transportation infrastructure and technological advancements. Post war economic growth and suburban development led to increased car ownership and longer commutes, particularly in the United States and other developed countries. These developments reflect the ongoing evolution of commuting in response to changing urban dynamics, technological advancements and societal needs. -
Car Ownership
Car ownership in the UK has evolved significantly since World War 2 reflecting changes in the economy, public policy and social trends. Economic growth and increasing prosperity led to a rise in car ownership, with the car becoming a symbol of personal and social status. In recent years car ownership among young people has declined, partly due to the rising costs of car ownership, the growth of urban living and the availability of alternative transportation options. -
Taxes
Taxes have seen numerous changes since World War 2, reflecting shifts in economic policies and societal priorities. Around 1950 high tax rates were introduced. This affected the wealthy particularly and helped fund reconstruction efforts and expansion of social programs. Throughout this period, debates have persisted on the level of taxation, the balance between direct and indirect taxes and the role of taxes in addressing inequality and funding public services. -
Noise Pollution
Noise pollution has been a growing concern since World War 2 especially in urban areas. Improvements in technology such as noise reducing materials, noise barriers and quieter engines helped mitigate noise pollution in certain sectors. Growing awareness of environmental issues, including noise pollution, led to the passage of laws like the U.S. Noise control act of 1972, which aimed to regulate noise emissions. -
Protest Camps
Protest camps have undergone significant changes since World War 2. Post WWII protest camps have expanded beyond war resistance to address a wide range of issues, including civil rights, environmental concerns, economic inequality and social justice. Modern protest camps often involve diverse groups of people from various backgrounds and ages, reflecting broader social movements. -
Air Passenger Duty
Air passenger duty was initially introduced at a rate of £5 for flights within the UK and the European Union and £10 for all other destinations. This tax was implemented to raise funds and address the aviation industry's release from fuel charges and value added tax. Over the years air passenger duty rates gradually increased, reflecting inflation and the governments revenue needs. -
Political and Legal Changes- Taxes
Air Passenger Duty introduced in 1994, APD is a tax applied to passengers on flights departing from the UK. This has influenced air travel demand and pricing strategies. Initially, a lower rate applied to flights within the UK and the EEA, while a higher rate applied to other destinations. -
Privatisation
The post world war 2 period marked a significant shift towards privatisation in various sectors of the economy, including transportation, utilities and other public services. British Airways (1987) transformed the state owned airline into a publicly traded company and opening it up to market competition. -
Emmissions
Emissions have changed significantly since World War 2 with varying trends over time. The Kyoto Protocol was introduced in 1997 which was an international agreement to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This was adopted by several countries, however the United States did not ratify the agreement. -
Introduction of Congestion Charges
Cities like London introduced congestion charges to reduce traffic and promote public transport, impacting the accessibility and cost of travel. Governments have increasingly used taxes, like tourism taxes and departure taxes as a tool for revenue. Increased regulatory oversight has led to improvements in safety and quality standards within the tourism industry. -
Technology- Smart Motorways
Implementing smart motorway technology, such as variable speed limits and digital signage, has improved traffic management and road safety.
The emergence of sharing economy platforms such as Airbnb and Uber has disrupted traditional tourism models and created new opportunities for travellers. -
Technology- Online check in
Wait times have decreased and the flying experience has been simpler with the introduction of digital boarding passes and online check-in. Technological advancements have made the tourism industry simple by making travel more accessible and convenient. Innovations include online travel booking platforms, digital payment systems and the availability of GPS devices. -
Airport Expansion
Airport expansion has undergone significant changes since World War 2 for example, rapid growth. In the post- war era, airport construction and expansion accelerated to meet the growing demand for air travel, with many new airports being built and existing ones expanded. Longer runways have also been introduced to accommodate heavier and faster aircraft developed during and after the war. Airports needed longer runways, more taxiways and larger passenger terminals. -
Bibliography
Hall M and Lew A – Understanding and Managing Tourism Impacts (Routledge, 2008) ISBN 0415771337
Holden A – Environment and Tourism (Routledge, 2007) ISBN 0415399555
Tour Operators Initiative www.toinitiative.org Tourism Concern www.tourismconcern.org.uk Tourism For All www.tourismforall.org.uk Travel Weekly https://www.msn.com/en-gb/travel/news/the-best-budget-airlines-ranked-by-travelers-2025/ss-AA1E93tQ?cvid=8AEEAD2C734144B683460808A91134D5&ocid=mailsignout