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The Indian Civilization refers to the settlements that resided in Ancient India. These settlements were of the first in history and they were the foundation of the formation of the Indus River Civilization.
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These civilizations are described as the native civilizations of the Mayan, Incan, and Aztec Empires up until their downfall by Spanish conquistadors. They utilized rough terrain and advanced agricultural techniques to sustain the individual empires.
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Mesopotamian Civilization refers to the civilizations that existed within the territory of Mesopotamia and the surrounding regions during the Age of Iron. These civilizations were incredibly advanced and discovered iron as a form of material to be used in building and in warfare.
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Indus Civilization refers to the civilization residing in the Indus River Valley during the Age of Bronze. The Indus River civilization utilized fertile soil from the river to cultivate crops. They were very advanced for their time and they paved the way for the future uses of iron.
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The Egyptian Civilization can be argued to be one of the most technologically advanced societies of its time. To this day, their technological achievements are unparalleled to any other structure on earth. The Egyptian society was of the most prestigious and their social classes were unmatched.
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The Pyramid of Cheops is the oldest and largest pyramid of Giza. It is the oldest of the seven wonders of the world and was constructed under the Egyptian Empire.
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Babylonian law code of ancient Mesopotamia. The main point of the law code is the concept of "an eye for an eye"
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Phoenicia was a prosperous ancient civilization in Canaan that used the coastline of the Mediterranean Sea to trade and provide food and fertile soil for farming.
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The Hebrew Civilization consisted of nomads who settled in Canaan in 1400 BC. In the modern era, the now-existing portions of Canaan include Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria.
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The Civilizations of China throughout the centuries are one of the most progressive societies in the terms of advancing technology. The Chinese having exceeded the western world in the advancement of technology and the perfection of techniques required for creating different materials and items.
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Ancient Japan derives its culture and architecture from China. Japan was one of the first civilizations to accept/harbor Buddhism within its borders.
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Under the rule of Alexander the Great, many settlements and city-states within the territories of the Hellenistic Civilization were economically prosperous.
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The peak of Islamic history occurred during the Golden Age of Islam when the development of caliphates, mathematics, sciences, and economic progression began to emerge.
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The first record of democracy in history. This form of Athenian Democracy lasted for two centuries afterwards. It allowed for new forms and concepts of democracy to emerge in the modern world.
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The Persian Empire was a force to be reckoned with during the peak of its power. But their successes were halted and declined by the superior tactical cunning of Alexander the Great who led the remainder of the Persian Empire spiraling downwards.
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Siddhartha died in Kushingar, India.
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The Battle of Thermopylae was a battle between King Xerxes of Persia and the alliance of Greek city-states led by King Leonidas of Sparta. The Greeks held off the Persian offensive in a mountain pass called Thermopylae. Despite overwhelming odds, the Greeks held the pass for three days
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Alexander the Great defeated Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela. Alexander defeated the Persian Army by utilizing clever tactics and a superior military.
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Qin Shi Huang is the first emperor of the Chinese Empire and the beginning of the Qin Dynasty.
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The Roman Empire was the center for economic development in the western world and the nation that contested rival countries and absorbed them through conquest. Their armies were superb and the social structure was perfect. The Roman Empire declined due to inefficient leaders and the eventual split of the region amongst legion commanders.
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The Decree of Milan was an agreement for Romans to be tolerant of Christians and Christianity. This action would pave the way for Christianity to eventually become the official religion of Rome.
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Roman Emperor Constantine made Konstantinoupolis (or Constantinople) the capital of the Byzantine Empire. Constantinople would be founded in 330 AD.
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The start of the Byzantine Empire was during the founding of Constantinople and the split of the Byzantine Empire from the Western Roman Empire under the authority of Emperor Constantine.
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Due to barbarian invasion, Rome no longer had the resources and manpower to sustain itself and collapsed. Rome was sacked by foreigners and Rome was in ruin.
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European Civilizations that fluctuated and expanded during the times of the Renaissance and beyond. Advancements and cultures and architecture progressed seamlessly throughout these civilizations.
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Hagia Sophia is constructed under the rule of Byzantine Emperor, Justinian I.
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The Islamic prophet Muhammad went on a long journey from Mecca to Yathrib accompanied by his followers. The pilgrimage was to avoid a plot to assassinate the Muhammad.
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The divide that occurred in Islam after the death of Muhammad. Disputes in territories and movement focus.
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Charles Martel led Frankish forces against the Spanish Moors to halt the movement of Muslims worshipping Islam in Western Europe.
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Viking Civilizations were considered barbaric communities that raided townships and settlements near the waterfront that were too weak to defend themselves. They thrived off of conquest and plundering.
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African Civilizations were economically self-sustaining in that caravans hauling goods like gold and salt flowed through the Sahara Desert in droves. Locations like Mali and Ghana thrived due to their proximity to mines that produced gold and salt.
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Russian Civilizations have made great strides and achievements during their initial upbringing. They derive their culture and architecture from existing civilizations and religions that had already occupied the areas surrounding the area they inhabited.
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Mongol Civilizations were considered savage and barbaric communities. They thrived off of conquest and they pillaged surrounding communities and nations that were in range of their homeland, Mongolia. They were even brave enough to attack the Empire of China.
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The Charter enacted by King John of Britain known as the Magna Carta Libertatum (or Magna Carta). This gave more power to the monarchies but granted liberties to Englishmen.
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King Mansa Musa went on a Hajj (or pilgrimage) to Mecca. King Musa went to different settlements and distributed gold to the residents. This action decreased the value of gold and plummeted the economic system of Mali, Ghana, and other surrounding African Kingdoms.
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Aztec City founded on Lake Texcoco. Made capital of the growing Aztec Empire.
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A war that lasted a century due to disputes on the succession of the French throne. The war was fought between England and France. The war lasted 116 years.
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The Great Schism is known as the break/separation of Eastern and Western Roman Catholic Church.
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Constantinople would survive and endure due to the city's fortifications. It would survive and endure until 1453, when the Ottoman Empire invades and destroys the city walls with cannon fire.
