Period 2 (600 BCE - 600 CE)

White Huns take down the Gupta empire (550 CE)

550 BCE

The Han dynasty under Emperor Wudi was able to defeat the Xiongnu Empire. The White Huns, also called the Hephthalites, were a nomadic confederation in Central Asia. The White Huns conquered most of the northwest area of the Gupta Empire. For nearly thirty years, India was ruled by the White Huns.

The Roman Republic established (509 BC)

509 BCE

The Romans established a form of government, a republic that was copied by countries for centuries, the government of the United States is based partly on Rome's model. The Roman concept of the citizen evolved during the Roman Republic and changed significantly during the later Roman Empire. After the Romans freed themselves from the Etruscans, they established a republic, and all males over 15 who were descended from the original tribes of Rome became citizens.

Siddhartha Gautama travels and teaches (500 BCE)

500 BCE

Siddhartha Gautama was a prince who lived in the kingdom of Sakyas, near the present-day border of India and Nepal. Siddhartha told other people of his enlightenment. He became well known for his teaching. Siddhartha's students called him "the Buddha," which means "the Enlightened One". The Buddha taught his followers to seek balance in their lives. Siddhartha taught that by putting aside your ego, you can escape the cycle of death and rebirth to reach Nirvana.

Confucius is teaching what will become the Analects (500 BCE)

500 BCE

The Analects of Confucius, the Analects are a collection of the teachings and thoughts of Confucius; they contained fragments of dialogues between the great Chinese philosopher and his disciples. Written during the Period of Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period, the Analects are considered among the most representative works of Confucian thought, and still, have a great influence on Chinese culture and East Asia.

Collapse of Western Roman Empire (476 CE)

476 BCE

In 476 C.E. Romulus, the last of the Roman emperors in the west was overthrown by the Germanic leader Odoacer, who became the first Barbarian to rule in Rome. The order that the Roman Empire had brought to western Europe for 1000 years was no more. The invading army reached the outskirts of Rome, which had been left totally undefended. In 410 C.E., the Visigoths, led by Alaric, breached the walls of Rome and sacked the capital of the Roman Empire.

The era of Warring States Begins (475 CE)

475 BCE

The Warring States Period (475–221 BC) was an era of division in ancient China. After the relatively peaceful and philosophical Spring and Autumn Period, various states were at war before the Qin state conquered them all, and China was reunited under the Qin Dynasty. There were 7 warring states Qin, Chu, Zhao, Wei, Han, Yan, and Qi. States declared independence from the Zhou Dynasty, and kingdoms fought for territory, during this period.

Legalism is a dominant belief system (Qin) (475 – 221 BCE)

Period: 475 BCE to 221 BCE

Legalism is a Classical Chinese philosophy that emphasizes the need for order above all other human concerns. The political doctrine developed during the brutal years of the Fourth Century BCE. The Legalists believed that government could only become a science if rulers were not deceived by pious, impossible ideas such as "tradition" and "humanity." In the view of the Legalists, attempts to improve the human situation by noble example, education, and ethical precepts were useless.

Peloponnesian War (431 BC - 404 BC)

Period: 431 BCE to 404 BCE

The Peloponnesian War fought between the two leading city-states in ancient Greece, Athens, and Sparta. Each stood at the head of alliances that between them, they also had every Greek city-state. he fighting engulfed virtually the entire Greek world, which was considered to be among the world’s finest worlds finest works of history, as the most momentous war at that time.

Daoism Begins (400 BCE)

400 BCE

Daoism was a Chinese philosophy based on the writings of Lao-tzu (6th century BC), advocating humility and religious piety. Daoism was established as a religion under the East Han dynasty, about 2,000 years ago. Since then Daoism has been one of the main components of Chinese culture and has exerted great influence on the Chinese way of thinking, working and acting.

Gupta Dynasty established (375 CE)

375 BCE

Gupta dynasty, rulers of the Magadha (now Bihar) state in northeastern India. They maintained an empire over northern and parts of central and western India from the early 4th to the late 6th century CE. The first ruler of the empire was Chandra Gupta I, who was succeeded by his son, the celebrated Samudra Gupta.

Constantinople becomes the capital of Rome (340 CE)

340 BCE

Byzantium took on the name of Kōnstantinoupolis ("city of Constantine", Constantinople) after its re-foundation under Roman emperor Constantine I, who transferred the capital of the Roman Empire to Byzantium in 330 and designated his new capital officially as Nova Roma 'New Rome'.

Philip of Macedon conquer the Greek city-states (336 BCE)

336 BCE

Phillip II of Macedon was the king of the kingdom of Macedon from 359 BC until his assassination in 336 BC. The rise of Macedon, its conquest and political consolidation were achieved by Phillip II in part of his reformation of the Ancient Macedon that proved critical in securing victories on the battlefield. After defeating the Greek city-states of Athens Philip II led the effort to establish a federation of Greek states known as the League of Corinth.

Alexander the Great defeats the Persians (330 BCE)

330 BCE

The Battle of Issus occurred in southern Anatolia, in November 333 BC. The invading troops led by Alexander were outnumbered more than 2:1, however, they defeated the army personally led by Darius III of Achaemenid Persia. It was the first time the Persian army had been defeated with the King present on the field.

Mauryan empire established by Chandragupta Maurya (321 BCE)

321 BCE

Chandragupta Maurya was the founder of the Maurya Empire in ancient India. Chandragupta built one of the largest empires ever on the Indian subcontinent. According to Jain sources, he then renounced it all and became a monk in the Jain tradition. Chandragupta has followed Jainism in his life, by first renouncing all his wealth and power, going away with Jaina monks into the Deccan region, performing Sallekhana, the Jain religious ritual of peacefully welcoming death by fasting.

Constantine’s Edict of Milan ends Roman persecution of Christians (319 CE)

319 BCE

Edict of Milan, a proclamation that permanently established religious toleration for Christianity within the Roman Empire. It was the outcome of a political agreement concluded in Milan between the Roman emperors Constantine I and Licinius.

Mayan civilization (300 BCE - 800 CE)

Period: 300 BCE to 800 BCE

The Maya Empire, centered in the tropical lowlands of what is now Guatemala, reached the peak of its power and influence around the sixth century A.D. The Maya excelled at agriculture, pottery, hieroglyph writing, calendar-making and mathematics, and left behind an astonishing amount of impressive architecture and symbolic artwork. Most of the great stone cities of the Maya were abandoned by A.D. 900.

Roman Empire divided in 2 by Diocletian (284 CE)

284 BCE

By 285 CE the Roman Empire had grown so vast that it was no longer feasible to govern all the provinces from the central seat of Rome. Emperor Diocletian divided the empire into halves with the Eastern Empire governed out of Byzantium (later Constantinople) and the Western Empire governed from Rome.

First of the Punic Wars (Rome v. Carthage) (264 BCE)

264 BCE

The First Punic War (264 to 241 BC) was the first of three wars fought between Ancient Carthage and the Roman Republic, the two great powers of the Western Mediterranean. The war started with the Roman conquest of the Carthaginian-controlled city of Messina in Sicily, granting Rome a military foothold on the island. The Romans built up a navy to challenge Carthage, the greatest naval power in the Mediterranean, for control over the waters around Sicily.

Ashoka dies (232 BCE)

232 BCE

He ruled form 268 BCE to 232 BCE and became a model of kingship in the Buddhist tradition. Under Ashoka India had an estimated population of 30 million, much higher than any of the contemporary Hellenistic kingdoms. After Ashoka's death, however, the Mauryan dynasty came to an end and its empire dissolved.

Qin Dynasty starts building walls (221 BCE)

221 BCE

The Great Wall of the Qin Dynasty (221BC-207 BC) was built during the reign of Emperor Qin Shi Huang, along the country's northern border to prevent the invasion of Huns. Emperor Qin Shi Huang unified China for the first time and established the Qin Dynasty after annexing six states. However, the nomadic Huns in the north were still a constant threat- often invading the southern farmers and looting their property.

The final collapse of the Han Dynasty (220 CE)

220 BCE

The end of the Han dynasty refers to the period of Chinese history from 189 to 220 AD, which roughly coincides with the tumultuous reign of the Han dynasty's last ruler, Emperor Xian. The Han dynasty formally ended in 220 when Cao Cao's son and heir, Cao Pi, pressured Emperor Xian into abdicating in his favor.

Han Dynasty established (206 BCE - 220 CE)

Period: 206 BCE to 220 BCE

The Han dynasty (206 BCE – 220 CE), founded by the peasant rebel leader Liu Bang, also known as Emperor Gaozu, was the second imperial dynasty of China. It followed the Qin dynasty (221–206 BCE), which had unified the Warring States of China by conquest.

Silk Road established (130 BCE - 1453 CE)

Period: 130 BCE to 1453 BCE

The Silk Road may have formally opened up trade between the Far East and Europe during the Han Dynasty, which ruled China from 206 B.C. to 220 A.D. The Chinese also exported and sold teas, salt, sugar, porcelain, and spices. Most of what was traded were expensive luxury goods. This was because it was a long trip and merchants didn't have a lot of room for goods. They imported, or bought, goods like cotton, ivory, wool, gold, and silver.

Julius Caesar murdered (44 BCE)

44 BCE

The first conspirator greeted Caesar, then plunged a knife into his neck. Other stabbers followed suit. One by one, several members of the Senate took turns stabbing Julius Caesar (100-44 B.C.E.), the dictator of the entire Roman Empire. On the steps of the Senate, the most powerful man in the ancient world died in a pool of his own blood.

Pax Romana (27 BCE - 180 CE)

Period: 27 BCE to 180 BCE

Pax Romana “Roman peace”, This 200-year period saw unprecedented peace and economic prosperity throughout the Empire, which spanned from England in the north to Morocco in the south and Iraq in the east. During the Pax Romana, the Roman Empire reached its peak in terms of land area, and its population swelled to an estimated 70 million people. Rome's citizens were relatively secure, and the government generally maintained law, order, and stability.

Xin Dynasty briefly interrupts the Han (9 - 23 CE)

Period: 9 BCE to 23 BCE

It was briefly interrupted by the Xin Dynasty (9–23 CE). This interregnum separates the Han into two periods: the Western Han (206 BCE – 9 CE) and Eastern Han (25–220 CE). To this day, China's majority ethnic group refers to itself as the "Han people" and Chinese characters are referred to as "Han characters".

Jewish Diaspora (6 BCE)

6 BCE

The Jewish proper diaspora began with the Babylonian exile in the 6th century BCE. The Jewish Diaspora refers to the dispersion of Israelites or Jews out of their ancestral homeland (the Land of Israel) and their subsequent settlement in other parts of the globe.

Christianity begins (1 AD)

1 BCE

Christianity is the religion that is based on the birth, life, death, resurrection, and teaching of Jesus Christ. Christianity began in the 1st century AD as a Jewish sect in Judea but quickly spread throughout the Roman empire. Derp early persecution of Christians, it later became the state religion.