-
It is estimated taht John wrote the book of Revelation, the last book of the New Testament, in the year 95 CE. By this time, Christianity had begun to spread throughout the Roman Empire.
The Roman government tolerated many religious beliefs within its empire, but not Chrstianity. Romans did not tolerate Christianity because Christians placed a higher priority on their faith than on loyalty to Rome. -
Western Roman Emperor Constantine adopted Christianity after winning the Battle of Milvian Bridge. Before the battle began, Constantine reportedly looked at the sky and saw a cross above the sun and the words, "By this, win!" (in Greek) He ordered his soldiers to paint crosses on their shields and they won the battle.
-
Emperor Constantine legalized all religions, which ended state persecution of Christians throughout the Roman Empire. In this letter, Constantine also ordered the return of confiscated Church property.
Christians moved into positions of power in the government and army; Christianity soon became the official faith of the Roman Empire. -
Leaders of the Christian Church met in Nicea to resolve disagreements on Church doctrine. A common, universal statement of belief was written - the Nicean Creed.
-
Monasteries are founded in the Egyptian desert
-
This attack is generally viewed as the end of the Roman Empire and the beginning of the Middle Ages in Europe.
-
The first British monasteries are establish in Wales
-
Religious, political and military leader Abu al-Qasim Muhammad was born in Mecca.
-
Muhammad returned to Mecca with an army, took power and established Islam as the official religion.
-
Successors of Muhammad ruled the Arab Empire and the official text of the Koran is established in Arabic.
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tolerant Muslim leaders allowed Jews social mobility, marking the beginning of the Golden Age for Jews in the Middle Ages in Spain and North Africa.
-
A document outlining the restrictions on non-muslims in Syria (an Islamic state).
-
-
From the time the Abbasids rose to power and moved the capital of the Empire to Baghdad, until the Mongols conquered Baghdad, the Arab world experienced a Renaissance in science, philosophy, medicine and education. Freedom of religion was a part of the Abbasid rule.
-
For centuries, the Western and Eastern Church grew apart in traditions and beliefs. In 1054, they officially became two separate entities: the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church
-
-
Political turmoil in Grenada turned opinions against non-muslims and many were killed.
-
Pope Urban II of Rome calls for the expulsion of Muslims from Jerusalem. One intent was to reclaim the Byzantine Empire for Christianity in order to heal the breach between the eastern and western churches.
-
Bernard of Clairvaux called for volunteers to recapture Jerusalem. It was a disastrous failure.
-
This attempt to recover Jerusalem also failed.
-
Instead of Jerusalem, they reclaimed and sacked Constantinople.
-
Children attempted to re-take the Holy Land but were killed or enslaved before they made it to Jerusalem.
-
St. Francis of Assissi accompanied crusaders where they found victory in Egypt. He continued on his own to preach to the Sultan at a Muslim army camp.
-
Frederick II made a treaty with the sultan.
-
-
The final crusade
-
End of Abbasid caliphs.
-
-
During this time, European Jews were forced by local governments to leave. They headed eastward and ended up in areas such as modern-day Poland.
-
-
Ottoman Turks conquer Constantinople under the rule of Muhammad II, ending the Byzantine Empire. The city is renamed Istanbul, and becomes the capital of the Ottoman Empire.
-
-
Pope Leo III crowns Charlemagne head of the Holy Roman Empire
-
-
Charlemagne's rule as Holy Roman Emperor was a cultural high point of the early middle ages.
