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1415
1415: Capture of Ceuta by Portugal
Marked the beginning of European exploration along the African coast and paved the way for Portugal's dominance in maritime trade. -
1492
1492: Christopher Columbus Reaches the Americas
Initiated European colonization in the New World, connecting continents and sparking the Columbian Exchange. -
1498
1498: Vasco de Gama Reaches India
Portugal established a direct sea route to India, enhancing spice trade and European influence in Asia -
Period: 1519 to 1522
1519-1522: Ferdinand Magellan's Circumnavigation
Demonstrated the possibility of global sea travel and underscored the Earth's roundness, marking a major navigational achievement -
1521
1521: Hernan Cortes Conquers the Aztec Empire
Symbolized the violent clash of civilizations and the beginning of Spanish dominance in the Americas -
1602: Founding of the Dutch East India Company
A critical moment in the globalization of trade, the first multinational corporation set the stage for modern capitalism -
1619: Establishment of the First African Slaves in Virginia
Highlighted the role of forced migration in the global economy and the darker consequences of globalization -
1763: The Treaty of Paris
Marked the end of the Seven Years War. redrawing global colonial empires and influencing global power dynamics -
1770: Captain James Cook Claims Australia for Britain
Expanded the scope of European exploration and colonization, reshaping indigenous cultures and territories -
1815: Congress of Vienna
Stabilized post-Napoleonic Europe, influencing global order and setting the stage for continued trade and exploration